H1N1 subtype (taxid:114727)
VIRION

Molecular biology
Enveloped. Usually rounded but can be filamentous. The virions are 80-120 nm in diameter.
GENOME
Segmented ssRNA(-) linear genome, encapsidated by nucleoprotein (NP). Contains 8 segments coding for 12-14 proteins depending on strains. Segments size range from 890 to 2,341nt. Genome total size is 13.5Kb
GENE EXPRESSION
Viral RNA polymerase (PB1, PB2 and PA) transcribes one mRNA from each genome segment.
Transcription is primed by cap cleaved from cellular mRNAS by Cap snatching.
mRNA are polyadenylated by the viral polymerase stuttering on a poly U track.
MP and NS mRNA can be alternately spliced, giving rise to mRNA coding for M2 and NEP proteins. Some strains can express M42 from the M segment .
PB1 mRNA encode three proteins by leaky scanning: PB1, N40
and PB1-F2
. Pa-X protein is translated by ribosomal frameshift on the PA gene. Leaky scanning may produces N-truncated PA proteins, namely PA-N155 and PA-N182
. PB2-S1 would be an alternative splicing from PB2 gene (unpublished 1/1/15)
.
ENZYMES
REPLICATION
NUCLEUS
- Virus attaches to sialic acid receptor though HA protein and is endocytosed by clathrins in the host cell.
- endosome acidification induces fusion of virus membrane with the vesicle membrane; encapsidated RNA segments migrate to the nucleus.
- Transcription of genomic segments by the viral polymerase produces mRNAs that are capped and polyadenylated by the viral polymerase.
- Replication of genomic segments.
- High level of M1 protein induces genomes segments export from nucleus by NEP protein.
- Virus assembly and budding occurs at the plasma membrane.
Host-virus interaction
Innate immune response inhibition
Influenza A virus inhibits the cascade leading to production of interferon-beta by targeting different cellular proteins. NS1 inhibits host RIG-I activation upon recognition of viral RNA, and subsequent induction of IFN-beta expression.
PB1-F2 inhibits host MAVS activation.
Host protein shutoff
NS1 induces host gene expression shutoff by inducing host mRNA suppression through polyadenlyation inhibition. The viral mRNA are not affected because their polyA tail is generated by polymerase stuttering.
Matching UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries
(all links/actions below point to uniprot.org website)340 entries grouped by strain
Influenza A virus (strain A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 H1N1) reference strain
13 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Brevig Mission/1/1918 H1N1) (Influenza A virus (strain A/South Carolina/1/1918 H1N1))
13 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Wilson-Smith/1933 H1N1) (Influenza A virus (strain A/WS/1933 H1N1))
13 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Brazil/11/1978 H1N1)
12 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chile/1/1983 H1N1)
12 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/China:Nanchang/11/1996 H1N1)
12 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Henry/1936 H1N1)
12 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Hickox/1940 H1N1)
12 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/India/6263/1980 H1N1)
12 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Malaysia:Malaya/302/1954 H1N1)
12 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Russia:St.Petersburg/8/2006 H1N1)
12 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Wisconsin/1/1961 H1N1)
12 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/USA:Albany/12/1951 H1N1)
12 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/USA:Huston/AA/1945 H1N1)
12 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/USA:Iowa/1943 H1N1)
12 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/USA:Memphis/10/1996 H1N1)
12 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/USA:Phila/1935 H1N1)
12 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/USSR/90/1977 H1N1)
12 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/New Zealand:South Canterbury/35/2000 H1N1)
11 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Wisconsin/1/1967 H1N1)
11 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/USA:Texas/UR06-0195/2007 H1N1)
10 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Fort Monmouth/1/1947 H1N1)
8 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Iowa/15/1930 H1N1)
8 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Fort Warren/1/1950 H1N1)
5 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Kiev/59/1979 H1N1)
5 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Leningrad/1/1954 H1N1)
5 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Netherlands/12/1985 H1N1)
4 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Ontario/2/1981 H1N1)
4 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Tennessee/24/1977 H1N1)
4 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Wisconsin/3523/1988 H1N1)
4 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/29/1937 H1N1)
3 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Iowa/17672/1988 H1N1)
3 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/May/1954 H1N1)
3 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Tennessee/26/1977 H1N1)
3 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Duck/Australia/749/1980 H1N1)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/New Jersey/8/1976 H1N1)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/New Jersey/11/1976 H1N1)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Turkey/Bethlehem-Glilit/1492-B/1982 H1N1)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Turkey/Minnesota/1661/1981 H1N1)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain swl A/California/04/2009 H1N1)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Beijing/11/1956 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/California/10/1978 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Duck/Alberta/35/1976 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Duck/Bavaria/2/1977 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/England/19/1955 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Ohio/4/1983 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/41/1949 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Cambridge/1/1935 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Indiana/1726/1988 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Iowa/1946 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Iowa/1976/1931 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Italy/141/1981 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Italy/2/1979 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Italy/437/1976 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Italy/839/1989 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Jamesburg/1942 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Ohio/23/1935 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Wisconsin/1/1957 H1N1)
1 entry