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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry Q9NR71


[Entry info] [Name and origin] [References] [Comments] [Cross-references] [Keywords] [Features] [Sequence] [Tools]

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Entry information
Entry name ASAH2_HUMAN
Primary accession number Q9NR71
Secondary accession numbers Q3KNU1 Q5SNT7 Q5SZP6 Q5SZP7 Q5T1D5 Q71ME6
Integrated into Swiss-Prot on July 25, 2006
Sequence was last modified on July 25, 2006 (Sequence version 2)
Annotations were last modified on    November 25, 2008 (Entry version 43)
Name and origin of the protein
Protein name Neutral ceramidase
Synonyms N-CDase
NCDase
EC 3.5.1.23
Acylsphingosine deacylase 2
N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 2
Non-lysosomal ceramidase
BCDase
LCDase
hCD
Contains Neutral ceramidase soluble form
Gene name
Name: ASAH2
Synonyms: HNAC1
From
Homo sapiens (Human) [TaxID: 9606] 
Taxonomy Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
Protein existence 1: Evidence at protein level;
References
[1]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
DOI=10.1016/S0378-1119(03)00721-2; PubMed=14557071 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Choi M.S., Anderson M.A., Zhang Z., Zimonjic D.B., Popescu N., Mukherjee A.B.;
"Neutral ceramidase gene: role in regulating ceramide-induced apoptosis.";
Gene 315:113-122(2003).
[2]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), AND FUNCTION.
DOI=10.1074/jbc.M503002200; PubMed=15946935 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Osawa Y., Uchinami H., Bielawski J., Schwabe R.F., Hannun Y.A., Brenner D.A.;
"Roles for C16-ceramide and sphingosine 1-phosphate in regulating hepatocyte apoptosis in response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha.";
J. Biol. Chem. 280:27879-27887(2005).
[3]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
DOI=10.1038/nature02462; PubMed=15164054 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Deloukas P., Earthrowl M.E., Grafham D.V., Rubenfield M., French L., Steward C.A., Sims S.K., Jones M.C., Searle S., Scott C., Howe K., Hunt S.E., Andrews T.D., Gilbert J.G.R., Swarbreck D., Ashurst J.L., Taylor A., Battles J., Bird C.P., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Ashwell R.I.S., Ambrose K.D., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.L., Bailey J., Banerjee R., Bates K., Beasley H., Bray-Allen S., Brown A.J., Brown J.Y., Burford D.C., Burrill W., Burton J., Cahill P., Camire D., Carter N.P., Chapman J.C., Clark S.Y., Clarke G., Clee C.M., Clegg S., Corby N., Coulson A., Dhami P., Dutta I., Dunn M., Faulkner L., Frankish A., Frankland J.A., Garner P., Garnett J., Gribble S., Griffiths C., Grocock R., Gustafson E., Hammond S., Harley J.L., Hart E., Heath P.D., Ho T.P., Hopkins B., Horne J., Howden P.J., Huckle E., Hynds C., Johnson C., Johnson D., Kana A., Kay M., Kimberley A.M., Kershaw J.K., Kokkinaki M., Laird G.K., Lawlor S., Lee H.M., Leongamornlert D.A., Laird G., Lloyd C., Lloyd D.M., Loveland J., Lovell J., McLaren S., McLay K.E., McMurray A., Mashreghi-Mohammadi M., Matthews L., Milne S., Nickerson T., Nguyen M., Overton-Larty E., Palmer S.A., Pearce A.V., Peck A.I., Pelan S., Phillimore B., Porter K., Rice C.M., Rogosin A., Ross M.T., Sarafidou T., Sehra H.K., Shownkeen R., Skuce C.D., Smith M., Standring L., Sycamore N., Tester J., Thorpe A., Torcasso W., Tracey A., Tromans A., Tsolas J., Wall M., Walsh J., Wang H., Weinstock K., West A.P., Willey D.L., Whitehead S.L., Wilming L., Wray P.W., Young L., Chen Y., Lovering R.C., Moschonas N.K., Siebert R., Fechtel K., Bentley D., Durbin R.M., Hubbard T., Doucette-Stamm L., Beck S., Smith D.R., Rogers J.;
"The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10.";
Nature 429:375-381(2004).
[4]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 20-780 (ISOFORM 1), ENZYME ACTIVITY, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, POSSIBLE SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
DOI=10.1074/jbc.M002522200; PubMed=10781606 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
El Bawab S., Roddy P., Qian T., Bielawska A., Lemasters J.J., Hannun Y.A.;
"Molecular cloning and characterization of a human mitochondrial ceramidase.";
J. Biol. Chem. 275:21508-21513(2000).
[5]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] OF 20-780 (ISOFORM 2).
DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504; PubMed=15489334 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
The MGC Project Team;
"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).";
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004).
[6]
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, AND GLYCOSYLATION.
DOI=10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.03.134; PubMed=15845354 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Hwang Y.H., Tani M., Nakagawa T., Okino N., Ito M.;
"Subcellular localization of human neutral ceramidase expressed in HEK293 cells.";
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 331:37-42(2005).
[7]
FUNCTION.
DOI=10.1194/jlr.M500268-JLR200; PubMed=16061940 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Tani M., Sano T., Ito M., Igarashi Y.;
"Mechanisms of sphingosine and sphingosine 1-phosphate generation in human platelets.";
J. Lipid Res. 46:2458-2467(2005).
[8]
ENZYME ACTIVITY, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, ACTIVE SITE, AND MUTAGENESIS OF SER-258; ASP-352; SER-354; CYS-362; SER-374; SER-396; SER-595 AND SER-729.
DOI=10.1042/BJ20050682; PubMed=16229686 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Galadari S., Wu B.X., Mao C., Roddy P., El Bawab S., Hannun Y.A.;
"Identification of a novel amidase motif in neutral ceramidase.";
Biochem. J. 393:687-695(2006).
[9]
TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
DOI=10.1007/s10048-007-0081-5; PubMed=17334805 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Avramopoulos D., Wang R., Valle D., Fallin M.D., Bassett S.S.;
"A novel gene derived from a segmental duplication shows perturbed expression in Alzheimer's disease.";
Neurogenetics 8:111-120(2007).
Comments
  • FUNCTION: Hydrolyzes the sphingolipid ceramide into sphingosine and free fatty acid at an optimal pH of 6.5-8.5. Acts as a key regulator of sphingolipid signaling metabolites by generating sphingosine at the cell surface. Acts as a repressor of apoptosis both by reducing C16-ceramide, thereby preventing ceramide-induced apoptosis, and generating sphingosine, a precursor of the antiapoptotic factor sphingosine 1-phosphate. Probably involved in the digestion of dietary sphingolipids in intestine by acting as a key enzyme for the catabolism of dietary sphingolipids and regulating the levels of bioactive sphingolipid metabolites in the intestinal tract.
  • CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: N-acylsphingosine + H2O = a carboxylate + sphingosine.
  • ENZYME REGULATION: Inhibited by dithiothreitol (DTT), 2-mercaptoethanol, Zn(2+), Cu(2+) and Fe(2+). Enhanced by Na(+) and Ca(2+), and at lower level Mg(2+) and Mn(2+).
  • BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
    Kinetic parameters:   KM=71.4 µM for octanoyl-sphingosine;
    KM=66 µM for palmitoyl-sphingosine;
    KM=60.1 µM for D-erythro-C12-NBD-ceramide;
    Vmax=160 µmol/min/mg enzyme with octanoyl-sphingosine as substrate;
    Vmax=16 µmol/min/mg enzyme with palmitoyl-sphingosine as substrate;
    Vmax=0.68 nmol/min/mg enzyme with D-erythro-C12-NBD-ceramide as substrate;
    pH dependence:   Optimum pH is 7.5-9.5;
  • SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. Note=The neutral ceramidase soluble form is a secreted protein.
  • ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 2 named isoforms [FASTA] produced by alternative splicing.
    Name1
    Isoform IDQ9NR71-1
    This is the isoform sequence displayed in this entry.
    Name2
    Isoform IDQ9NR71-2
    Note: No experimental confirmation available.
    Features which should be applied to build the isoform sequence: VSP_019928.
  • TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Primarily expressed in the intestine (PubMed:17334805). Ubiquitously expressed with higher levels in kidney, skeletal muscle and heart (PubMed:10781606). According to PubMed:17334805, ubiquitous expression attributed to ASAH2 may be actually that of the paralog ASAH2B.
  • PTM: N-glycosylated. Required for enzyme activity (By similarity).
  • PTM: O-glycosylated. Required to retain it as a type II membrane protein at the cell surface.
  • PTM: Phosphorylated. May prevent Ubiquitination and subsequent degradation (By similarity).
  • PTM: Ubiquitinated, leading to its degradation by the proteasome. Ubiquitination is triggered by nitric oxid (By similarity).
  • SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neutral ceramidase family.
  • CAUTION: According to some authors (PubMed:10781606) it is mitochondrial. However, they used a shorter form in its N-terminus, which may explain this localization which probably does not exist in vivo.
Copyright
Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see http://www.uniprot.org/terms. Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License.
Cross-references
Sequence databases
EMBL
AY049008; AAL06061.1; ALT_INIT; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AF449759; AAQ04667.2; -; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AL450382; CAI15870.1; ALT_INIT; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AL589794; CAI15766.1; ALT_SEQ; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AL589794; CAI15767.1; ALT_SEQ; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AL954360; CAI17190.1; -; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AF250847; AAF86240.1; -; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
BC107105; AAI07106.1; -; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
RefSeq NP_063946.1; -.
UniGene Hs.512645
3D structure databases
ModBase Q9NR71.
Organism-specific databases
H-InvDB HIX0058802; -.
HGNC HGNC:18860; ASAH2.
GenAtlas ASAH2.
MIM 611202; gene. [NCBI / EBI]
PharmGKB PA38720; -.
GeneCards Q9NR71.
Gene expression databases
CleanEx HS_ASAH2; -.
GermOnline ENSG00000188611; Homo sapiens.
Ontologies
GO
GO:0016021; Cellular component: integral to membrane (inferred from electronic annotation from UniProtKB-KW).
GO:0005739; Cellular component: mitochondrion (traceable author statement from ProtInc).
GO:0005886; Cellular component: plasma membrane (inferred from electronic annotation from UniProtKB-KW).
GO:0017040; Molecular function: ceramidase activity (inferred from electronic annotation from EC).
GO:0006915; Biological process: apoptosis (inferred from electronic annotation from UniProtKB-KW).
GO:0006672; Biological process: ceramide metabolic process (traceable author statement from ProtInc).
GO:0007165; Biological process: signal transduction (traceable author statement from ProtInc).
QuickGo view.
Family and domain databases
InterPro IPR006823; Ceramidase_alk.
Graphical view of domain structure.
PANTHER PTHR12670; Ceramidase_alk; 1.
Pfam PF04734; Ceramidase_alk; 1.
Pfam graphical view of domain structure.
ProtoNet Q9NR71.
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl ENSG00000188611; Homo sapiens. [Contig view]
GeneID 56624; -.
KEGG hsa:56624; -.
Phylogenomic databases
HOVERGEN Q9NR71; -.
Other
NextBio 62071; -.
SOURCE ASAH2; Homo sapiens.
UniRef View cluster of proteins with at least 50% / 90% / 100% identity.
Keywords
Alternative splicing; Apoptosis; Cell membrane; Glycoprotein; Hydrolase; Lipid metabolism; Membrane; Phosphoprotein; Polymorphism; Signal-anchor; Sphingolipid metabolism; Transmembrane; Ubl conjugation.
Features
SEVIEWER logo Feature table viewer FT aligner logo Feature aligner
KeyFrom   To Length Description FTId
CHAIN   1   780  780     Neutral ceramidase. PRO_0000247099
CHAIN   99   780  682     Neutral ceramidase soluble form (By similarity). PRO_0000247100
TOPO_DOM   1    12  12     Cytoplasmic (Potential). 
TRANSMEM   13    33  21     Signal-anchor for type II membrane protein (Potential). 
TOPO_DOM   34   780  747     Lumenal (Potential). 
REGION   770   780  11     Required for correct folding and localization (By similarity). 
ACT_SITE   354   354        Nucleophile. 
CARBOHYD   62    62        O-linked (GalNAc...) (Potential). 
CARBOHYD   67    67        O-linked (GalNAc...) (Potential). 
CARBOHYD   68    68        O-linked (GalNAc...) (Potential). 
CARBOHYD   70    70        O-linked (GalNAc...) (Potential). 
CARBOHYD   73    73        O-linked (GalNAc...) (Potential). 
CARBOHYD   74    74        O-linked (GalNAc...) (Potential). 
CARBOHYD   76    76        O-linked (GalNAc...) (Potential). 
CARBOHYD   78    78        O-linked (GalNAc...) (Potential). 
CARBOHYD   79    79        O-linked (GalNAc...) (Potential). 
CARBOHYD   80    80        O-linked (GalNAc...) (Potential). 
CARBOHYD   82    82        O-linked (GalNAc...) (Potential). 
CARBOHYD   84    84        O-linked (GalNAc...) (Potential). 
CARBOHYD   98    98        N-linked (GlcNAc...) (Potential). 
CARBOHYD   151   151        N-linked (GlcNAc...) (Potential). 
CARBOHYD   217   217        N-linked (GlcNAc...) (Potential). 
CARBOHYD   468   468        N-linked (GlcNAc...) (Potential). 
CARBOHYD   564   564        N-linked (GlcNAc...) (Potential). 
CARBOHYD   730   730        N-linked (GlcNAc...) (Potential). 
CARBOHYD   779   779        O-linked (GalNAc...) (Potential). 
VAR_SEQ   410   444        Missing (in isoform 2). VSP_019928
VARIANT   51    51  1     T -> A (in dbSNP:rs7067625 [NCBI]). VAR_027064 
VARIANT   346   346  1     A -> S (in dbSNP:rs993869 [NCBI]). VAR_027065 
MUTAGEN   258   258        S->A: Impairs enzyme activity. 
MUTAGEN   352   352        D->A: Abolishes enzyme activity. 
MUTAGEN   354   354        S->A: Abolishes enzyme activity. 
MUTAGEN   362   362        C->A: Abolishes enzyme activity. 
MUTAGEN   374   374        S->A: Impairs enzyme activity. 
MUTAGEN   396   396        S->A: No effect. 
MUTAGEN   595   595        S->A: Impairs enzyme activity. 
MUTAGEN   729   729        S->A: Impairs enzyme activity. 
CONFLICT   274   274        S -> P (in Ref. 1; AAL06061 and 4; AAF86240). 
CONFLICT   602   602        T -> A (in Ref. 1; AAL06061 and 4; AAF86240). 
CONFLICT   689   689        T -> N (in Ref. 3; CAI17190). 
Sequence information
Length: 780 AA [This is the length of the unprocessed precursor] Molecular weight: 85516 Da [This is the MW of the unprocessed precursor] CRC64: D2BD7947B022A619 [This is a checksum on the sequence]
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MAKRTFSNLE TFLIFLLVMM SAITVALLSL LFITSGTIEN HKDLGGHFFS TTQSPPATQG 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
STAAQRSTAT QHSTATQSST ATQTSPVPLT PESPLFQNFS GYHIGVGRAD CTGQVADINL 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
MGYGKSGQNA QGILTRLYSR AFIMAEPDGS NRTVFVSIDI GMVSQRLRLE VLNRLQSKYG 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
SLYRRDNVIL SGTHTHSGPA GYFQYTVFVI ASEGFSNQTF QHMVTGILKS IDIAHTNMKP 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
GKIFINKGNV DGVQINRSPY SYLQNPQSER ARYSSNTDKE MIVLKMVDLN GDDLGLISWF 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
AIHPVSMNNS NHLVNSDNVG YASYLLEQEK NKGYLPGQGP FVAAFASSNL GDVSPNILGP 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
RCINTGESCD NANSTCPIGG PSMCIAKGPG QDMFDSTQII GRAMYQRAKE LYASASQEVT 

       430        440        450        460        470        480 
GPLASAHQWV DMTDVTVWLN STHASKTCKP ALGYSFAAGT IDGVGGLNFT QGKTEGDPFW 

       490        500        510        520        530        540 
DTIRDQILGK PSEEIKECHK PKPILLHTGE LSKPHPWHPD IVDVQIITLG SLAITAIPGE 

       550        560        570        580        590        600 
FTTMSGRRLR EAVQAEFASH GMQNMTVVIS GLCNVYTHYI TTYEEYQAQR YEAASTIYGP 

       610        620        630        640        650        660 
HTLSAYIQLF RNLAKAIATD TVANLSRGPE PPFFKQLIVP LIPSIVDRAP KGRTFGDVLQ 

       670        680        690        700        710        720 
PAKPEYRVGE VAEVIFVGAN PKNSVQNQTH QTFLTVEKYE ATSTSWQIVC NDASWETRFY 

       730        740        750        760        770        780 
WHKGLLGLSN ATVEWHIPDT AQPGIYRIRY FGHNRKQDIL KPAVILSFEG TSPAFEVVTI 

Q9NR71 in FASTA format

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