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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry Q9GZT9


[Entry info] [Name and origin] [References] [Comments] [Cross-references] [Keywords] [Features] [Sequence] [Tools]

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Entry information
Entry name EGLN1_HUMAN
Primary accession number Q9GZT9
Secondary accession numbers Q8N3M8 Q9BZS8 Q9BZT0
Integrated into Swiss-Prot on June 16, 2003
Sequence was last modified on March 1, 2001 (Sequence version 1)
Annotations were last modified on    June 16, 2009 (Entry version 77)
Name and origin of the protein
Protein name Egl nine homolog 1
Synonyms EC 1.14.11.-
Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase 2
HIF-prolyl hydroxylase 2
HIF-PH2
HPH-2
Prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2
PHD2
SM-20
Gene name
Name: EGLN1
Synonyms: C1orf12
ORFNames: PNAS-118, PNAS-137
From
Homo sapiens (Human) [TaxID: 9606] 
Taxonomy Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
Protein existence 1: Evidence at protein level;
References
[1]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
DOI=10.1006/geno.2000.6343; PubMed=11056053 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Dupuy D., Aubert I., Duperat V.G., Petit J., Taine L., Stef M., Bloch B., Arveiler B.;
"Mapping, characterization, and expression analysis of the SM-20 human homologue, C1orf12, and identification of a novel related gene, SCAND2.";
Genomics 69:348-354(2000).
[2]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE (ISOFORM 1).
DOI=10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00633-3; PubMed=11574160 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Taylor M.S.;
"Characterization and comparative analysis of the EGLN gene family.";
Gene 275:125-132(2001).
[3]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] OF 160-426 (ISOFORM 1).
TISSUE=Amygdala;
DOI=10.1186/1471-2164-8-399; PubMed=17974005 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Bechtel S., Rosenfelder H., Duda A., Schmidt C.P., Ernst U., Wellenreuther R., Mehrle A., Schuster C., Bahr A., Blocker H., Heubner D., Hoerlein A., Michel G., Wedler H., Kohrer K., Ottenwalder B., Poustka A., Wiemann S., Schupp I.;
"The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA consortium.";
BMC Genomics 8:399-399(2007).
[4]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
DOI=10.1038/nature04727; PubMed=16710414 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Gregory S.G., Barlow K.F., McLay K.E., Kaul R., Swarbreck D., Dunham A., Scott C.E., Howe K.L., Woodfine K., Spencer C.C.A., Jones M.C., Gillson C., Searle S., Zhou Y., Kokocinski F., McDonald L., Evans R., Phillips K., Atkinson A., Cooper R., Jones C., Hall R.E., Andrews T.D., Lloyd C., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Ambrose K.D., Anderson F., Andrew R.W., Ashwell R.I.S., Aubin K., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.L., Bailey J., Beasley H., Bethel G., Bird C.P., Bray-Allen S., Brown J.Y., Brown A.J., Buckley D., Burton J., Bye J., Carder C., Chapman J.C., Clark S.Y., Clarke G., Clee C., Cobley V., Collier R.E., Corby N., Coville G.J., Davies J., Deadman R., Dunn M., Earthrowl M., Ellington A.G., Errington H., Frankish A., Frankland J., French L., Garner P., Garnett J., Gay L., Ghori M.R.J., Gibson R., Gilby L.M., Gillett W., Glithero R.J., Grafham D.V., Griffiths C., Griffiths-Jones S., Grocock R., Hammond S., Harrison E.S.I., Hart E., Haugen E., Heath P.D., Holmes S., Holt K., Howden P.J., Hunt A.R., Hunt S.E., Hunter G., Isherwood J., James R., Johnson C., Johnson D., Joy A., Kay M., Kershaw J.K., Kibukawa M., Kimberley A.M., King A., Knights A.J., Lad H., Laird G., Lawlor S., Leongamornlert D.A., Lloyd D.M., Loveland J., Lovell J., Lush M.J., Lyne R., Martin S., Mashreghi-Mohammadi M., Matthews L., Matthews N.S.W., McLaren S., Milne S., Mistry S., Moore M.J.F., Nickerson T., O'Dell C.N., Oliver K., Palmeiri A., Palmer S.A., Parker A., Patel D., Pearce A.V., Peck A.I., Pelan S., Phelps K., Phillimore B.J., Plumb R., Rajan J., Raymond C., Rouse G., Saenphimmachak C., Sehra H.K., Sheridan E., Shownkeen R., Sims S., Skuce C.D., Smith M., Steward C., Subramanian S., Sycamore N., Tracey A., Tromans A., Van Helmond Z., Wall M., Wallis J.M., White S., Whitehead S.L., Wilkinson J.E., Willey D.L., Williams H., Wilming L., Wray P.W., Wu Z., Coulson A., Vaudin M., Sulston J.E., Durbin R.M., Hubbard T., Wooster R., Dunham I., Carter N.P., McVean G., Ross M.T., Harrow J., Olson M.V., Beck S., Rogers J., Bentley D.R.;
"The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.";
Nature 441:315-321(2006).
[5]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] OF 136-426 (ISOFORM 2).
TISSUE=Promyelocytic leukemia;
Yu W.-Q., Sun B.-Z., Chai Y.-B., Zhu F., Liu X.-S., Li Z., Lu F., Yan W., Yang H., Zhao Z.-L.;
"Human acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line NB4's apoptosis related genes.";
Submitted (JUN-2000) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
[6]
REVIEW.
DOI=10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00518-9; PubMed=11595178 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Semenza G.L.;
"HIF-1, O(2), and the 3 PHDs: how animal cells signal hypoxia to the nucleus.";
Cell 107:1-3(2001).
[7]
FUNCTION.
DOI=10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00507-4; PubMed=11595184 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Epstein A.C.R., Gleadle J.M., McNeill L.A., Hewitson K.S., O'Rourke J., Mole D.R., Mukherji M., Metzen E., Wilson M.I., Dhanda A., Tian Y.M., Masson N., Hamilton D.L., Jaakkola P., Barstead R., Hodgkin J., Maxwell P.H., Pugh C.W., Schofield C.J., Ratcliffe P.J.;
"C. elegans EGL-9 and mammalian homologs define a family of dioxygenases that regulate HIF by prolyl hydroxylation.";
Cell 107:43-54(2001).
[8]
FUNCTION.
DOI=10.1073/pnas.192342099; PubMed=12351678 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Ivan M., Haberberger T., Gervasi D.C., Michelson K.S., Guenzler V., Kondo K., Yang H., Sorokina I., Conaway R.C., Conaway J.W., Kaelin W.G. Jr.;
"Biochemical purification and pharmacological inhibition of a mammalian prolyl hydroxylase acting on hypoxia-inducible factor.";
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99:13459-13464(2002).
[9]
TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
DOI=10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00862-8; PubMed=12163023 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Oehme F., Ellinghaus P., Kolkhof P., Smith T.J., Ramakrishnan S., Huetter J., Schramm M., Flamme I.;
"Overexpression of PH-4, a novel putative proline 4-hydroxylase, modulates activity of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors.";
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 296:343-349(2002).
[10]
TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND ENZYME REGULATION.
DOI=10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00453-4; PubMed=12670503 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Cioffi C.L., Qin Liu X., Kosinski P.A., Garay M., Bowen B.R.;
"Differential regulation of HIF-1alpha prolyl-4-hydroxylase genes by hypoxia in human cardiovascular cells.";
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 303:947-953(2003).
[11]
INTERACTION WITH ING4, AND ENZYME REGULATION.
DOI=10.1073/pnas.0502716102; PubMed=15897452 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Ozer A., Wu L.C., Bruick R.K.;
"The candidate tumor suppressor ING4 represses activation of the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF).";
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102:7481-7486(2005).
[12]
IDENTIFICATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS], AND MASS SPECTROMETRY.
Colinge J., Superti-Furga G., Bennett K.L.;
Submitted (OCT-2008) to UniProtKB.
[13]
X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.7 ANGSTROMS) OF 181-417 IN COMPLEXES WITH IRON AND COMPETITIVE INHIBITOR, MUTAGENESIS OF TYR-303 AND ARG-383, AND SUBUNIT.
DOI=10.1073/pnas.0601283103; PubMed=16782814 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
McDonough M.A., Li V., Flashman E., Chowdhury R., Mohr C., Lienard B.M.R., Zondlo J., Oldham N.J., Clifton I.J., Lewis J., McNeill L.A., Kurzeja R.J., Hewitson K.S., Yang E., Jordan S., Syed R.S., Schofield C.J.;
"Cellular oxygen sensing: crystal structure of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (PHD2).";
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103:9814-9819(2006).
[14]
VARIANT ECYT3 ARG-317, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT ECYT3 ARG-317.
DOI=10.1073/pnas.0508423103; PubMed=16407130 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Percy M.J., Zhao Q., Flores A., Harrison C., Lappin T.R., Maxwell P.H., McMullin M.F., Lee F.S.;
"A family with erythrocytosis establishes a role for prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 in oxygen homeostasis.";
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103:654-659(2006).
[15]
VARIANT ECYT3 HIS-371, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT EXCYT3 HIS-371.
DOI=10.1182/blood-2007-04-084434; PubMed=17579185 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Percy M.J., Furlow P.W., Beer P.A., Lappin T.R.J., McMullin M.F., Lee F.S.;
"A novel erythrocytosis-associated PHD2 mutation suggests the location of a HIF binding groove.";
Blood 110:2193-2196(2007).
Comments
  • FUNCTION: Catalyzes the post-translational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) alpha proteins. Hydroxylates HIF-1 alpha at 'Pro-402' and 'Pro-564', and HIF-2 alpha. Functions as a cellular oxygen sensor and, under normoxic conditions, targets HIF through the hydroxylation for proteasomal degradation via the von Hippel-Lindau ubiquitination complex.
  • CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: An HIF alpha chain L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = An HIF alpha chain trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.
  • COFACTOR: Binds 1 Fe(2+) ion per subunit.
  • COFACTOR: Ascorbate.
  • ENZYME REGULATION: Following exposure to hypoxia, activated in HeLa cells but not in cardiovascular cells. Seems to be inhibited by ING4.
  • SUBUNIT: Monomer. Interacts with ING4.
  • INTERACTION:
    Q13438:OS9; NbExp=1; IntAct=EBI-1174818, EBI-1174342;
  • ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 2 named isoforms [FASTA] produced by alternative splicing.
    Name1
    Isoform IDQ9GZT9-1
    This is the isoform sequence displayed in this entry.
    Name2
    Isoform IDQ9GZT9-2
    Note: No experimental confirmation available.
    Features which should be applied to build the isoform sequence: VSP_007569.
  • TISSUE SPECIFICITY: According to PubMed:11056053 widely expressed with highest levels in skeletal muscle and heart, moderate levels in pancreas, brain (dopaminergic neurons of adult and fetal substantia nigra) and kidney, and lower levels in lung and liver. According to PubMed:12351678 widely expressed with highest levels in brain, kidney and adrenal gland. Expressed in cardiac myocytes, aortic endothelial cells and coronary artery smooth muscle.
  • DISEASE: Defects in EGLN1 are the cause of erythrocytosis familial type 3 (ECYT3) [MIM:609820]. ECYT3 is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by increased serum red blood cell mass, elevated serum hemoglobin and hematocrit, and normal serum erythropoietin levels.
  • SIMILARITY: Contains 1 MYND-type zinc finger.
  • SIMILARITY: Contains 1 PKHD (prolyl/lysyl hydroxylase) domain.
  • CAUTION: It was previously reported that this protein was the ortholog of rat SM-20. However, EGLN3 is now considered the true ortholog of rat SM-20 since it shows substantially greater similarity.
  • SEQUENCE CAUTION:
    • Sequence=AAK07536.1; Type=Frameshift; Positions=239;
  • WEB RESOURCE: Name=Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology; URL="http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Genes/EGLN1ID44140ch1q42.html";.
Copyright
Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see http://www.uniprot.org/terms. Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License.
Cross-references
Sequence databases
EMBL
AF246631; AAG34568.1; -; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AF246630; AAG34568.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AF229245; AAG33965.1; -; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AJ310543; CAC42509.1; -; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AL833885; CAD38741.2; -; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AF277174; AAK07534.1; ALT_INIT; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AF277176; AAK07536.1; ALT_FRAME; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AL117352; CAI23092.1; -; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AL445524; CAI23092.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AL445524; CAH72105.1; -; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AL117352; CAH72105.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
IPI IPI00004928; -.
IPI00328822; -.
RefSeq NP_071334.1; -.
UniGene Hs.444450
3D structure databases
PDB
2G19; X-ray; 1.70 A; A=181-417.[ExPASy / RCSB / EBI]
2G1M; X-ray; 2.20 A; A=181-426.[ExPASy / RCSB / EBI]
2HBT; X-ray; 1.60 A; A=188-426.[ExPASy / RCSB / EBI]
2HBU; X-ray; 1.85 A; A=188-426.[ExPASy / RCSB / EBI]
Detailed list of linked structures.
PDBsum 2G19; -.
2G1M; -.
2HBT; -.
2HBU; -.
ModBase Q9GZT9.
Protein-protein interaction databases
IntAct Q9GZT9; 2.
Enzyme and pathway databases
BRENDA 1.14.11.2; 247.
Pathway_Interaction_DB hif1_tfpathway; HIF-1-alpha transcription factor network.
hif1apathway; Hypoxic and oxygen homeostasis regulation of HIF-1-alpha.
Organism-specific databases
GeneCards GC01M229566; -.
H-InvDB HIX0019816; -.
HGNC HGNC:1232; EGLN1.
GenAtlas EGLN1.
MIM 606425; gene. [NCBI / EBI]
609820; phenotype. [NCBI / EBI]
Orphanet 90042; Polycythemia, familial, primary.
PharmGKB PA27670; -.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress Q9GZT9; -.
Bgee Q9GZT9; -.
CleanEx HS_EGLN1; -.
GermOnline ENSG00000135766; Homo sapiens.
Ontologies
GO
GO:0005829; Cellular component: cytosol (traceable author statement from ProtInc).
GO:0005506; Molecular function: iron ion binding (inferred from electronic annotation from UniProtKB-KW).
GO:0031418; Molecular function: L-ascorbic acid binding (inferred from electronic annotation from UniProtKB-KW).
GO:0016702; Molecular function: oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen (inferred from electronic annotation from UniProtKB-KW).
GO:0031543; Molecular function: peptidyl-proline dioxygenase activity (traceable author statement from HGNC).
GO:0005515; Molecular function: protein binding (inferred from physical interaction from IntAct).
GO:0008270; Molecular function: zinc ion binding (inferred from electronic annotation from UniProtKB-KW).
GO:0043433; Biological process: negative regulation of transcription factor activity (inferred from direct assay from HGNC).
GO:0055114; Biological process: oxidation reduction (inferred from electronic annotation from UniProtKB-KW).
GO:0032364; Biological process: oxygen homeostasis (inferred from direct assay from HGNC).
GO:0001666; Biological process: response to hypoxia (inferred from direct assay from HGNC).
QuickGo view.
Family and domain databases
InterPro IPR005123; Oxoglutarate/Fe-dep_Oase.
IPR006620; Pro_4_hyd_alph.
IPR002893; Znf_MYND.
Graphical view of domain structure.
Pfam PF03171; 2OG-FeII_Oxy; 1.
PF01753; zf-MYND; 1.
Pfam graphical view of domain structure.
SMART SM00702; P4Hc; 1.
SMART graphical view of domain structure.
PROSITE PS01360; ZF_MYND_1; 1.
PS50865; ZF_MYND_2; 1.
PROSITE graphical view of domain structure (profiles).
Proteomic databases
PRIDE Q9GZT9; -.
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl ENSG00000135766; Homo sapiens. [Contig view]
GeneID 54583; -.
KEGG hsa:54583; -.
Phylogenomic databases
HOGENOM Q9GZT9; -.
HOVERGEN Q9GZT9; -.
OMA Q9GZT9; QEKANLY.
Other
DrugBank DB00126; Vitamin C.
NextBio 57101; -.
SOURCE EGLN1; Homo sapiens.
ProtoNet Q9GZT9.
UniRef View cluster of proteins with at least 50% / 90% / 100% identity.
Keywords
3D-structure; Alternative splicing; Congenital erythrocytosis; Dioxygenase; Disease mutation; Iron; Metal-binding; Oxidoreductase; Vitamin C; Zinc; Zinc-finger.
Features
SEVIEWER logo Feature table viewer FT aligner logo Feature aligner
KeyFrom   To Length Description FTId
CHAIN   1   426  426     Egl nine homolog 1. PRO_0000206661
DOMAIN   205   391  187     PKHD. 
ZN_FING   21    58  38     MYND-type. 
METAL   313   313        Iron. 
METAL   315   315        Iron. 
METAL   374   374        Iron. 
BINDING   383   383        2-oxoglutarate (Probable). 
VAR_SEQ   337   358        Missing (in isoform 2). VSP_007569
VARIANT   317   317  1     P -> R (in ECYT3; marked decrease in enzyme activity). VAR_027371 [3D]
VARIANT   371   371  1     R -> H (in ECYT3; decreased interaction with HIF1A and HIF2A and decreased enzyme activity). VAR_045902 [3D]
MUTAGEN   303   303        Y->F: No effect. 
MUTAGEN   383   383        R->A: Reduces enzyme activity by 95%. 
HELIX   190   196  7      
HELIX   198   205  8      
STRAND   206   214  9      
HELIX   216   232  17      
STRAND   255   259  5      
HELIX   267   282  16      
TURN   283   286  4      
STRAND   287   289  3      
STRAND   292   295  4      
STRAND   298   303  6      
STRAND   305   307  3      
STRAND   310   313  4      
STRAND   321   329  9      
HELIX   336   339  4      
STRAND   343   345  3      
STRAND   354   356  3      
STRAND   362   367  6      
STRAND   374   376  3      
STRAND   379   381  3      
STRAND   383   392  10      
HELIX   393   399  7      
TURN   400   402  3      
Sequence information
Length: 426 AA [This is the length of the unprocessed precursor] Molecular weight: 46021 Da [This is the MW of the unprocessed precursor] CRC64: 81A97FF772CAA14C [This is a checksum on the sequence]
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MANDSGGPGG PSPSERDRQY CELCGKMENL LRCSRCRSSF YCCKEHQRQD WKKHKLVCQG 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
SEGALGHGVG PHQHSGPAPP AAVPPPRAGA REPRKAAARR DNASGDAAKG KVKAKPPADP 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
AAAASPCRAA AGGQGSAVAA EAEPGKEEPP ARSSLFQEKA NLYPPSNTPG DALSPGGGLR 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
PNGQTKPLPA LKLALEYIVP CMNKHGICVV DDFLGKETGQ QIGDEVRALH DTGKFTDGQL 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
VSQKSDSSKD IRGDKITWIE GKEPGCETIG LLMSSMDDLI RHCNGKLGSY KINGRTKAMV 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
ACYPGNGTGY VRHVDNPNGD GRCVTCIYYL NKDWDAKVSG GILRIFPEGK AQFADIEPKF 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
DRLLFFWSDR RNPHEVQPAY ATRYAITVWY FDADERARAK VKYLTGEKGV RVELNKPSDS 


VGKDVF 

Q9GZT9 in FASTA format

View entry in raw text format (no links)
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