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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry Q62226


[Entry info] [Name and origin] [References] [Comments] [Cross-references] [Keywords] [Features] [Sequence] [Tools]

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Entry information
Entry name SHH_MOUSE
Primary accession number Q62226
Secondary accession numbers None
Integrated into Swiss-Prot on July 15, 1999
Sequence was last modified on June 1, 1998 (Sequence version 2)
Annotations were last modified on    July 22, 2008 (Entry version 94)
Name and origin of the protein
Protein name Sonic hedgehog protein [Precursor]
Synonyms SHH
HHG-1
Contains Sonic hedgehog protein N-product
Sonic hedgehog protein C-product
Gene name
Name: Shh
Synonyms: Hhg1
From
Mus musculus (Mouse) [TaxID: 10090] 
Taxonomy Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Sciurognathi; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus.
Protein existence 1: Evidence at protein level;
References
[1]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
STRAIN=C57BL/6J;
TISSUE=Embryo;
DOI=10.1016/0092-8674(93)90627-3; PubMed=7916661 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Echelard Y., Epstein D.J., St Jacques B., Shen L., Mohler J., McMahon J.A., McMahon A.P.;
"Sonic hedgehog, a member of a family of putative signaling molecules, is implicated in the regulation of CNS polarity.";
Cell 75:1417-1430(1993).
[2]
SEQUENCE REVISION TO 122.
McMahon A.P.;
Submitted (NOV-1997) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
[3]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], AND AUTOPROTEOLYTIC CLEAVAGE.
PubMed=7720571 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Chang D.T., Lopez A., von Kessler D.P., Chiang C., Simandl B.K., Zhao R., Seldin M.F., Fallon J.F., Beachy P.A.;
"Products, genetic linkage and limb patterning activity of a murine hedgehog gene.";
Development 120:3339-3353(1994).
[4]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
STRAIN=C57BL/6J;
DOI=10.1126/science.1112014; PubMed=16141072 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Carninci P., Kasukawa T., Katayama S., Gough J., Frith M.C., Maeda N., Oyama R., Ravasi T., Lenhard B., Wells C., Kodzius R., Shimokawa K., Bajic V.B., Brenner S.E., Batalov S., Forrest A.R., Zavolan M., Davis M.J., Wilming L.G., Aidinis V., Allen J.E., Ambesi-Impiombato A., Apweiler R., Aturaliya R.N., Bailey T.L., Bansal M., Baxter L., Beisel K.W., Bersano T., Bono H., Chalk A.M., Chiu K.P., Choudhary V., Christoffels A., Clutterbuck D.R., Crowe M.L., Dalla E., Dalrymple B.P., de Bono B., Della Gatta G., di Bernardo D., Down T., Engstrom P., Fagiolini M., Faulkner G., Fletcher C.F., Fukushima T., Furuno M., Futaki S., Gariboldi M., Georgii-Hemming P., Gingeras T.R., Gojobori T., Green R.E., Gustincich S., Harbers M., Hayashi Y., Hensch T.K., Hirokawa N., Hill D., Huminiecki L., Iacono M., Ikeo K., Iwama A., Ishikawa T., Jakt M., Kanapin A., Katoh M., Kawasawa Y., Kelso J., Kitamura H., Kitano H., Kollias G., Krishnan S.P., Kruger A., Kummerfeld S.K., Kurochkin I.V., Lareau L.F., Lazarevic D., Lipovich L., Liu J., Liuni S., McWilliam S., Madan Babu M., Madera M., Marchionni L., Matsuda H., Matsuzawa S., Miki H., Mignone F., Miyake S., Morris K., Mottagui-Tabar S., Mulder N., Nakano N., Nakauchi H., Ng P., Nilsson R., Nishiguchi S., Nishikawa S., Nori F., Ohara O., Okazaki Y., Orlando V., Pang K.C., Pavan W.J., Pavesi G., Pesole G., Petrovsky N., Piazza S., Reed J., Reid J.F., Ring B.Z., Ringwald M., Rost B., Ruan Y., Salzberg S.L., Sandelin A., Schneider C., Schoenbach C., Sekiguchi K., Semple C.A., Seno S., Sessa L., Sheng Y., Shibata Y., Shimada H., Shimada K., Silva D., Sinclair B., Sperling S., Stupka E., Sugiura K., Sultana R., Takenaka Y., Taki K., Tammoja K., Tan S.L., Tang S., Taylor M.S., Tegner J., Teichmann S.A., Ueda H.R., van Nimwegen E., Verardo R., Wei C.L., Yagi K., Yamanishi H., Zabarovsky E., Zhu S., Zimmer A., Hide W., Bult C., Grimmond S.M., Teasdale R.D., Liu E.T., Brusic V., Quackenbush J., Wahlestedt C., Mattick J.S., Hume D.A., Kai C., Sasaki D., Tomaru Y., Fukuda S., Kanamori-Katayama M., Suzuki M., Aoki J., Arakawa T., Iida J., Imamura K., Itoh M., Kato T., Kawaji H., Kawagashira N., Kawashima T., Kojima M., Kondo S., Konno H., Nakano K., Ninomiya N., Nishio T., Okada M., Plessy C., Shibata K., Shiraki T., Suzuki S., Tagami M., Waki K., Watahiki A., Okamura-Oho Y., Suzuki H., Kawai J., Hayashizaki Y.;
"The transcriptional landscape of the mammalian genome.";
Science 309:1559-1563(2005).
[5]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
TISSUE=Limb;
DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504; PubMed=15489334 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
The MGC Project Team;
"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).";
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004).
[6]
FUNCTION, AND AUTOPROTEOLYTIC CLEAVAGE.
DOI=10.1016/0092-8674(95)90397-6; PubMed=7736596 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Roelink H., Porter J.A., Chiang C., Tanabe Y., Chang D.T., Beachy P.A., Jessell T.M.;
"Floor plate and motor neuron induction by different concentrations of the amino-terminal cleavage product of sonic hedgehog autoproteolysis.";
Cell 81:445-455(1995).
[7]
CHOLESTERYLATION AT GLY-198.
DOI=10.1126/science.274.5285.255; PubMed=8824192 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Porter J.A., Young K.E., Beachy P.A.;
"Cholesterol modification of hedgehog signaling proteins in animal development.";
Science 274:255-259(1996).
[8]
PALMITOYLATION AT CYS-25, AND MUTAGENESIS OF CYS-25.
DOI=10.1126/science.1064437; PubMed=11486055 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Chamoun Z., Mann R.K., Nellen D., von Kessler D.P., Bellotto M., Beachy P.A., Basler K.;
"Skinny hedgehog, an acyltransferase required for palmitoylation and activity of the hedgehog signal.";
Science 293:2080-2084(2001).
[9]
PALMITOYLATION AT CYS-25, MUTAGENESIS OF CYS-25, SUBUNIT, AND SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
DOI=10.1101/gad.1185804; PubMed=15075292 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Chen M.-H., Li Y.-J., Kawakami T., Xu S.-M., Chuang P.-T.;
"Palmitoylation is required for the production of a soluble multimeric Hedgehog protein complex and long-range signaling in vertebrates.";
Genes Dev. 18:641-659(2004).
[10]
INTERACTION WITH HHATL.
DOI=10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06202.x; PubMed=18081866 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Abe Y., Kita Y., Niikura T.;
"Mammalian Gup1, a homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae glycerol uptake/transporter 1, acts as a negative regulator for N-terminal palmitoylation of Sonic hedgehog.";
FEBS J. 275:318-331(2008).
[11]
X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.7 ANGSTROMS) OF 34-195.
DOI=10.1038/378212a0; PubMed=7477329 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Hall T.M.T., Porter J.A., Beachy P.A., Leahy D.J.;
"A potential catalytic site revealed by the 1.7-A crystal structure of the amino-terminal signalling domain of Sonic hedgehog.";
Nature 378:212-216(1995).
Comments
  • FUNCTION: Binds to the patched (PTC) receptor, which functions in association with smoothened (SMO), to activate the transcription of target genes. In the absence of SHH, PTC represses the constitutive signaling activity of SMO. Also regulates another target, the gli oncogene. Intercellular signal essential for a variety of patterning events during development: signal produced by the notochord that induces ventral cell fate in the neural tube and somites, and the polarizing signal for patterning of the anterior-posterior axis of the developing limb bud. Displays both floor plate- and motor neuron-inducing activity. The threshold concentration of N-product required for motor neuron induction is 5-fold lower than that required for floor plate induction (By similarity).
  • SUBUNIT: Interacts with HHATL/GUP1 which negatively regulates HHAT-mediated palmitoylation of the SHH N-terminus. N-product is active as a multimer.
  • SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Sonic hedgehog protein C-product: Secreted, extracellular space. Note=The C-terminal peptide diffuses from the cell.
  • SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Sonic hedgehog protein N-product: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor. Note=The N-product either remains associated with lipid rafts at the cell surface, or forms freely diffusible active multimers with its hydrophobic lipid-modified N- and C-termini buried inside.
  • TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in a number of embryonic tissues including the notochord, ventral neural tube, floor plate, lung bud, zone of polarizing activity and posterior distal mesenchyme of limbs. In the adult, expressed in lung and neural retina.
  • DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: First detectable during gastrulation.
  • INDUCTION: By retinoic acid.
  • PTM: The C-terminal domain displays an autoproteolysis activity and a cholesterol transferase activity. Both activities result in the cleavage of the full-length protein and covalent attachment of a cholesterol moiety to the C-terminal of the newly generated N-terminal fragment (N-product). The N-product is the active species in both local and long-range signaling, whereas the C-product has no signaling activity.
  • PTM: Cholesterylation is required for N-product targeting to lipid rafts and multimerization.
  • PTM: N-palmitoylation of Cys-25 by HHAT is required for N-product multimerization and full activity.
  • MISCELLANEOUS: Mice overexpressing Shh display digit duplications in both forelimbs and hindlimbs.
  • SIMILARITY: Belongs to the hedgehog family.
Copyright
Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see http://www.uniprot.org/terms. Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License.
Cross-references
Sequence databases
EMBL
X76290; CAA53922.1; -; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AK077688; BAC36956.1; -; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
BC063087; AAH63087.1; -; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
PIR A49425; A49425.
RefSeq NP_033196.1; -.
UniGene Mm.57202
3D structure databases
PDB
1VHH; X-ray; 1.70 A; A=34-195.[ExPASy / RCSB / EBI]
PDBsum 1VHH; -.
ModBase Q62226.
Protein family/group databases
MEROPS C46.002; -.
Organism-specific databases
MGI MGI:98297; Shh.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress Q62226; -.
CleanEx MM_SHH; -.
GermOnline ENSMUSG00000002633; Mus musculus.
Ontologies
GO
GO:0009986; Cellular component: cell surface (inferred from direct assay from MGI).
GO:0005615; Cellular component: extracellular space (inferred from direct assay from MGI).
GO:0045121; Cellular component: membrane raft (inferred from direct assay from MGI).
GO:0043237; Molecular function: laminin-1 binding (inferred from direct assay from MGI).
GO:0005113; Molecular function: patched binding (inferred from physical interaction from Roslin).
GO:0008209; Biological process: androgen metabolic process (inferred from mutant phenotype from MGI).
GO:0009952; Biological process: anterior/posterior pattern formation (inferred from mutant phenotype from MGI).
GO:0007411; Biological process: axon guidance (inferred from direct assay from MGI).
GO:0060020; Biological process: Bergmann glial cell differentiation (inferred from direct assay from MGI).
GO:0043010; Biological process: camera-type eye development (inferred from direct assay from MGI).
GO:0001708; Biological process: cell fate specification (inferred from mutant phenotype from MGI).
GO:0048589; Biological process: developmental growth (inferred from mutant phenotype from MGI).
GO:0042733; Biological process: embryonic digit morphogenesis (inferred from genetic interaction from MGI).
GO:0048568; Biological process: embryonic organ development (inferred from mutant phenotype from MGI).
GO:0031069; Biological process: hair follicle morphogenesis (inferred from mutant phenotype from MGI).
GO:0007507; Biological process: heart development (inferred from mutant phenotype from MGI).
GO:0007442; Biological process: hindgut morphogenesis (inferred from mutant phenotype from MGI).
GO:0030324; Biological process: lung development (inferred from mutant phenotype from MGI).
GO:0030539; Biological process: male genitalia development (inferred from mutant phenotype from MGI).
GO:0030901; Biological process: midbrain development (inferred from genetic interaction from MGI).
GO:0045445; Biological process: myoblast differentiation (inferred from direct assay from MGI).
GO:0046639; Biological process: negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation (inferred from mutant phenotype from MGI).
GO:0030336; Biological process: negative regulation of cell migration (inferred from direct assay from MGI).
GO:0032435; Biological process: negative regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process (inferred from mutant phenotype from MGI).
GO:0042130; Biological process: negative regulation of T cell proliferation (inferred from mutant phenotype from MGI).
GO:0001755; Biological process: neural crest cell migration (inferred from mutant phenotype from MGI).
GO:0048663; Biological process: neuron fate commitment (inferred from mutant phenotype from MGI).
GO:0042475; Biological process: odontogenesis of dentine-containing tooth (inferred from mutant phenotype from MGI).
GO:0014003; Biological process: oligodendrocyte development (inferred from direct assay from MGI).
GO:0002076; Biological process: osteoblast development (inferred from direct assay from MGI).
GO:0001569; Biological process: patterning of blood vessels (inferred from mutant phenotype from MGI).
GO:0007228; Biological process: positive regulation of hh target transcription factor activity (inferred from direct assay from MGI).
GO:0002052; Biological process: positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation (inferred from direct assay from MGI).
GO:0042307; Biological process: positive regulation of protein import into nucleus (inferred from genetic interaction from MGI).
GO:0045944; Biological process: positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter (inferred from genetic interaction from MGI).
GO:0030850; Biological process: prostate gland development (inferred from mutant phenotype from MGI).
GO:0007435; Biological process: salivary gland morphogenesis (inferred from mutant phenotype from MGI).
GO:0021938; Biological process: smoothened signaling pathway in regulation of granule cell precursor cell proliferation (inferred from direct assay from MGI).
GO:0021513; Biological process: spinal cord dorsal/ventral patterning (inferred from mutant phenotype from MGI).
GO:0051146; Biological process: striated muscle cell differentiation (inferred from direct assay from MGI).
GO:0021978; Biological process: telencephalon regionalization (inferred from mutant phenotype from MGI).
GO:0001658; Biological process: ureteric bud branching (inferred from mutant phenotype from MGI).
GO:0001570; Biological process: vasculogenesis (inferred from direct assay from MGI).
QuickGo view.
Family and domain databases
InterPro IPR003586; Hedgehog_hint_C.
IPR003587; Hedgehog_hint_N.
IPR000320; HH_signal.
IPR006141; Intein_splicing_site.
IPR001657; Peptidase_C46.
IPR001767; Peptidase_C46_hint.
Graphical view of domain structure.
Pfam PF01085; HH_signal; 1.
PF01079; Hint; 1.
Pfam graphical view of domain structure.
PIRSF PIRSF009400; Peptidase_C46; 1.
PRINTS PR00632; SONICHHOG.
SMART SM00305; HintC; 1.
SM00306; HintN; 1.
SMART graphical view of domain structure.
PROSITE PS50817; INTEIN_N_TER; 1.
PROSITE graphical view of domain structure (profiles).
BLOCKS Q62226.
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl ENSMUSG00000002633; Mus musculus. [Contig view]
GeneID 20423; -.
KEGG mmu:20423; -.
Phylogenomic databases
HOGENOM Q62226; -.
HOVERGEN Q62226; -.
Other
LinkHub Q62226; -.
SOURCE Shh; Mus musculus.
ProtoNet Q62226.
UniRef View cluster of proteins with at least 50% / 90% / 100% identity.
Keywords
3D-structure; Autocatalytic cleavage; Cell membrane; Developmental protein; Glycoprotein; Hydrolase; Lipoprotein; Membrane; Palmitate; Protease; Secreted; Signal.
Features
SEVIEWER logo Feature table viewer FT aligner logo Feature aligner
KeyFrom   To Length Description FTId
SIGNAL   1    24  24     Potential. 
CHAIN   25   437  413     Sonic hedgehog protein. PRO_0000013211
CHAIN   25   198  174     Sonic hedgehog protein N-product. PRO_0000013212
CHAIN   199   437  239     Sonic hedgehog protein C-product. PRO_0000013213
COMPBIAS   383   387  5     Poly-Gly. 
SITE   198   199  2     Cleavage; by autolysis (By similarity). 
SITE   244   244  1     Involved in cholesterol transfer (By similarity). 
SITE   268   268  1     Involved in auto-cleavage (By similarity). 
SITE   271   271  1     Essential for auto-cleavage (By similarity). 
LIPID   25    25        N-palmitoyl cysteine. 
LIPID   198   198        Cholesterol glycine ester. 
CARBOHYD   279   279        N-linked (GlcNAc...) (Potential). 
MUTAGEN   25    25        C->S: Strongly reduces effects of in vivo overexpression; impairs multimer formation; does not affect subcellular location to lipid rafts. Homozygous mice are characterized by a smaller size and holoprosencephaly at E10.5, and shortening of limbs at E13.5. They die soon after birth. 
STRAND   48    52  5      
TURN   57    60  4      
HELIX   72    76  5      
STRAND   85    87  3      
STRAND   92    94  3      
HELIX   95    97  3      
HELIX   101   117  17      
STRAND   123   127  5      
HELIX   140   143  4      
STRAND   146   151  6      
HELIX   156   158  3      
HELIX   159   168  10      
STRAND   172   178  7      
STRAND   181   185  5      
HELIX   189   192  4      
Sequence information
Length: 437 AA [This is the length of the unprocessed precursor] Molecular weight: 47773 Da [This is the MW of the unprocessed precursor] CRC64: D0EB72F08E7860EF [This is a checksum on the sequence]
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MLLLLARCFL VILASSLLVC PGLACGPGRG FGKRRHPKKL TPLAYKQFIP NVAEKTLGAS 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
GRYEGKITRN SERFKELTPN YNPDIIFKDE ENTGADRLMT QRCKDKLNAL AISVMNQWPG 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
VKLRVTEGWD EDGHHSEESL HYEGRAVDIT TSDRDRSKYG MLARLAVEAG FDWVYYESKA 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
HIHCSVKAEN SVAAKSGGCF PGSATVHLEQ GGTKLVKDLR PGDRVLAADD QGRLLYSDFL 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
TFLDRDEGAK KVFYVIETLE PRERLLLTAA HLLFVAPHND SGPTPGPSAL FASRVRPGQR 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
VYVVAERGGD RRLLPAAVHS VTLREEEAGA YAPLTAHGTI LINRVLASCY AVIEEHSWAH 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
RAFAPFRLAH ALLAALAPAR TDGGGGGSIP AAQSATEARG AEPTAGIHWY SQLLYHIGTW 

       430 
LLDSETMHPL GMAVKSS 

Q62226 in FASTA format

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