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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry Q03100


[Entry info] [Name and origin] [References] [Comments] [Cross-references] [Keywords] [Features] [Sequence] [Tools]

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Entry information
Entry name CYAA_DICDI
Primary accession number Q03100
Secondary accession number Q54TF5
Integrated into Swiss-Prot on July 1, 1993
Sequence was last modified on May 15, 2007 (Sequence version 2)
Annotations were last modified on    November 25, 2008 (Entry version 64)
Name and origin of the protein
Protein name Adenylate cyclase, aggregation specific
Synonyms EC 4.6.1.1
ATP pyrophosphate-lyase
Adenylyl cyclase
Gene name
Name: acaA
Synonyms: aca
ORFNames: DDB_G0281545
From
Dictyostelium discoideum (Slime mold) [TaxID: 44689] 
Taxonomy Eukaryota; Amoebozoa; Mycetozoa; Dictyosteliida; Dictyostelium.
Protein existence 1: Evidence at protein level;
References
[1]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], FUNCTION, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, ENZYME REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE, AND KNOCKOUT.
DOI=10.1016/0092-8674(92)90411-5; PubMed=1348970 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Pitt G.S., Milona N., Borleis J., Lin K.C., Reed R.R., Devreotes P.N.;
"Structurally distinct and stage-specific adenylyl cyclase genes play different roles in Dictyostelium development.";
Cell 69:305-315(1992).
[2]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
STRAIN=AX4;
DOI=10.1038/nature03481; PubMed=15875012 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Eichinger L., Pachebat J.A., Gloeckner G., Rajandream M.A., Sucgang R., Berriman M., Song J., Olsen R., Szafranski K., Xu Q., Tunggal B., Kummerfeld S., Madera M., Konfortov B.A., Rivero F., Bankier A.T., Lehmann R., Hamlin N., Davies R., Gaudet P., Fey P., Pilcher K., Chen G., Saunders D., Sodergren E.J., Davis P., Kerhornou A., Nie X., Hall N., Anjard C., Hemphill L., Bason N., Farbrother P., Desany B., Just E., Morio T., Rost R., Churcher C.M., Cooper J., Haydock S., van Driessche N., Cronin A., Goodhead I., Muzny D.M., Mourier T., Pain A., Lu M., Harper D., Lindsay R., Hauser H., James K.D., Quiles M., Madan Babu M., Saito T., Buchrieser C., Wardroper A., Felder M., Thangavelu M., Johnson D., Knights A., Loulseged H., Mungall K.L., Oliver K., Price C., Quail M.A., Urushihara H., Hernandez J., Rabbinowitsch E., Steffen D., Sanders M., Ma J., Kohara Y., Sharp S., Simmonds M.N., Spiegler S., Tivey A., Sugano S., White B., Walker D., Woodward J.R., Winckler T., Tanaka Y., Shaulsky G., Schleicher M., Weinstock G.M., Rosenthal A., Cox E.C., Chisholm R.L., Gibbs R.A., Loomis W.F., Platzer M., Kay R.R., Williams J.G., Dear P.H., Noegel A.A., Barrell B.G., Kuspa A.;
"The genome of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum.";
Nature 435:43-57(2005).
[3]
FUNCTION, AND KNOCKOUT.
PubMed=8224844 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Pitt G.S., Brandt R., Lin K.C., Devreotes P.N., Schaap P.;
"Extracellular cAMP is sufficient to restore developmental gene expression and morphogenesis in Dictyostelium cells lacking the aggregation adenylyl cyclase (ACA).";
Genes Dev. 7:2172-2180(1993).
[4]
FUNCTION, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, COFACTOR, ENZYME REGULATION, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, AND MUTAGENESIS OF LEU-394.
DOI=10.1074/jbc.271.31.18333; PubMed=8702473 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Parent C.A., Devreotes P.N.;
"Constitutively active adenylyl cyclase mutant requires neither G proteins nor cytosolic regulators.";
J. Biol. Chem. 271:18333-18336(1996).
[5]
FUNCTION, AND MUTAGENESIS OF PHE-306; SER-498; LYS-504; GLU-593 AND ILE-649.
DOI=10.1093/emboj/19.10.2247; PubMed=10811616 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Patel H., Guo K., Parent C., Gross J., Devreotes P.N., Weijer C.J.;
"A temperature-sensitive adenylyl cyclase mutant of Dictyostelium.";
EMBO J. 19:2247-2256(2000).
[6]
TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
DOI=10.1006/dbio.2001.0232; PubMed=11356026 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Verkerke-van Wijk I., Fukuzawa M., Devreotes P.N., Schaap P.;
"Adenylyl cyclase A expression is tip-specific in Dictyostelium slugs and directs StatA nuclear translocation and CudA gene expression.";
Dev. Biol. 234:151-160(2001).
[7]
TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
DOI=10.1046/j.1440-169x.2001.00572.x; PubMed=11422293 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Tsujioka M., Yokoyama M., Nishio K., Kuwayama H., Morio T., Katoh M., Urushihara H., Saito T., Ochiai H., Tanaka Y., Takeuchi I., Maeda M.;
"Spatial expression patterns of genes involved in cyclic AMP responses in Dictyostelium discoideum development.";
Dev. Growth Differ. 43:275-283(2001).
[8]
FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, CONSTITUTIVELY ACTIVE MUTANT, AND KNOCKOUT.
DOI=10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00081-3; PubMed=12600317 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Kriebel P.W., Barr V.A., Parent C.A.;
"Adenylyl cyclase localization regulates streaming during chemotaxis.";
Cell 112:549-560(2003).
[9]
ENZYME REGULATION.
DOI=10.1016/j.cub.2005.01.007; PubMed=15668169 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Comer F.I., Lippincott C.K., Masbad J.J., Parent C.A.;
"The PI3K-mediated activation of CRAC independently regulates adenylyl cyclase activation and chemotaxis.";
Curr. Biol. 15:134-139(2005).
[10]
FUNCTION, AND KNOCKOUT.
DOI=10.1128/EC.4.4.775-786.2005; PubMed=15821137 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Stepanovic V., Wessels D., Daniels K., Loomis W.F., Soll D.R.;
"Intracellular role of adenylyl cyclase in regulation of lateral pseudopod formation during Dictyostelium chemotaxis.";
Eukaryot. Cell 4:775-786(2005).
[11]
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
DOI=10.1128/EC.5.4.658-664.2006; PubMed=16607013 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Siol O., Dingermann T., Winckler T.;
"The C-module DNA-binding factor mediates expression of the dictyostelium aggregation-specific adenylyl cyclase ACA.";
Eukaryot. Cell 5:658-664(2006).
[12]
ENZYME REGULATION.
DOI=10.1091/mbc.E05-08-0781; PubMed=16267269 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Comer F.I., Parent C.A.;
"Phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity controls the chemoattractant-mediated activation and adaptation of adenylyl cyclase.";
Mol. Biol. Cell 17:357-366(2006).
Comments
  • FUNCTION: Coordinates cell aggregation by synthesizing the cAMP that influences differentiation and morphogenesis of cells within a developing multicellular structure.
  • CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate.
  • COFACTOR: Binds 2 magnesium ions per subunit.
  • ENZYME REGULATION: Regulated by cyclic AMP receptor 1 through a guanine nucleotide binding protein and protein CRAC. Both positively and negatively regulated by extracellular cAMP; this regulation is part of the mechanism that establishes the oscillatory cAMP waves during aggregation.
  • BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
    Kinetic parameters:   KM=0.2 mM for cAMP;
    Vmax=20 pmol/min/mg enzyme;
  • SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Cell projection, uropodium. Note=In non-polarized cells ACA is uniformly distributed at the membrane but upon polarization it becomes highly enriched at the uropodium.
  • TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed throughout the structure in the tipped mound and finger. Expressed primarily in the prestalk region of the slug. In the early culminant expression is increased in the posterior prespore and anterior-most regions and expands into the developing stalk. In the mid and late culminant it is expressed throughout the stalk.
  • DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Expressed during development. First detected at 3 hours of development. Levels increase during aggregation and peak at 6 hours. Levels decrease after tight aggregate formation.
  • MISCELLANEOUS: Mutants lacking ACA are unable to aggregate, stimulation with cAMP pulses restores aggregation but slug and fruiting body formation remains very inefficient. When placed in a cAMP gradient mutants lacking ACA acquire polarity and migrate along the gradient but fail to align in a head to tail fashion and form streams. They are also unable to suppress lateral pseudopod formation, resulting in abnormal turns and inefficient chemotaxis. Transfer of the temperature-sensitive mutant tsaca2 to a temperature of 28 degrees Celsius leads to developmental arrest that is reversible when the temperature is shifted down to 22 degrees Celsius. In mutants with a constitutively active ACA, localization to the uropodium in polarized cells is reduced and these mutants fail to stream in a cAMP gradient.
  • SIMILARITY: Belongs to the adenylyl cyclase class-4/guanylyl cyclase family.
  • SIMILARITY: Contains 2 guanylate cyclase domains.
Copyright
Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see http://www.uniprot.org/terms. Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License.
Cross-references
Sequence databases
EMBL
L05499; AAA33163.1; -; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
L05496; AAA33163.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
L05497; AAA33163.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
L05498; AAA33163.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AAFI02000042; EAL66534.2; -; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
PIR B42239; B42239.
RefSeq XP_640636.2; -.
3D structure databases
HSSP P26769; 1CJK. [HSSP ENTRY / PDB]
ModBase Q03100.
Organism-specific databases
dictyBase DDB_G0281545; acaA.
Ontologies
GO
GO:0042995; Cellular component: cell projection (inferred from electronic annotation from UniProtKB-KW).
GO:0005887; Cellular component: integral to plasma membrane (traceable author statement from dictyBase).
GO:0005625; Cellular component: soluble fraction (inferred from direct assay from dictyBase).
GO:0031254; Cellular component: trailing edge (inferred from direct assay from dictyBase).
GO:0004016; Molecular function: adenylate cyclase activity (inferred from electronic annotation from EC).
GO:0000287; Molecular function: magnesium ion binding (inferred from electronic annotation from UniProtKB-KW).
GO:0007015; Biological process: actin filament organization (inferred from mutant phenotype from dictyBase).
GO:0031152; Biological process: aggregation involved in sorocarp development (traceable author statement from dictyBase).
GO:0006171; Biological process: cAMP biosynthetic process (inferred from electronic annotation from UniProtKB-KW).
GO:0007242; Biological process: intracellular signaling cascade (inferred from electronic annotation from InterPro).
GO:0008360; Biological process: regulation of cell shape (inferred from mutant phenotype from dictyBase).
GO:0050920; Biological process: regulation of chemotaxis (inferred from mutant phenotype from dictyBase).
GO:0031275; Biological process: regulation of lateral pseudopodium formation (inferred from mutant phenotype from dictyBase).
GO:0030435; Biological process: sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore (inferred from genetic interaction from dictyBase).
QuickGo view.
Family and domain databases
InterPro IPR001054; A/G_cyclase.
Graphical view of domain structure.
Pfam PF00211; Guanylate_cyc; 2.
Pfam graphical view of domain structure.
SMART SM00044; CYCc; 2.
SMART graphical view of domain structure.
PROSITE PS00452; GUANYLATE_CYCLASE_1; 1.
PS50125; GUANYLATE_CYCLASE_2; 2.
PROSITE graphical view of domain structure (profiles).
ProtoNet Q03100.
Genome annotation databases
GeneID 3391609; -.
KEGG ddi:DDB_0214814; -.
Other
UniRef View cluster of proteins with at least 50% / 90% / 100% identity.
Keywords
cAMP biosynthesis; Cell projection; Complete proteome; Lyase; Magnesium; Membrane; Metal-binding; Repeat; Transmembrane.
Features
SEVIEWER logo Feature table viewer FT aligner logo Feature aligner
KeyFrom    To Length Description FTId
CHAIN   1   1407  1407     Adenylate cyclase, aggregation specific. PRO_0000195714
TOPO_DOM   1    219  219     Cytoplasmic (Potential). 
TRANSMEM   220    240  21     Potential. 
TRANSMEM   244    264  21     Potential. 
TRANSMEM   276    296  21     Potential. 
TRANSMEM   304    324  21     Potential. 
TRANSMEM   325    345  21     Potential. 
TRANSMEM   353    373  21     Potential. 
TOPO_DOM   374    962  589     Cytoplasmic (Potential). 
TRANSMEM   963    979  17     Potential. 
TRANSMEM   992   1012  21     Potential. 
TRANSMEM   1018   1038  21     Potential. 
TRANSMEM   1071   1091  21     Potential. 
TRANSMEM   1105   1125  21     Potential. 
TRANSMEM   1378   1398  21     Potential. 
TOPO_DOM   1399   1407  9     Cytoplasmic (Potential). 
DOMAIN   438    661  224     Guanylate cyclase 1. 
DOMAIN   1189   1311  123     Guanylate cyclase 2. 
COMPBIAS   65     74  10     Poly-Gly. 
COMPBIAS   88    113  26     Asn-rich. 
COMPBIAS   532    576  45     Asn-rich. 
COMPBIAS   535    576  42     Asn-rich. 
COMPBIAS   753    872  120     Asn-rich. 
COMPBIAS   753    785  33     Poly-Asn. 
COMPBIAS   847    864  18     Poly-Asn. 
METAL   443    443        Magnesium 1 (By similarity). 
METAL   443    443        Magnesium 2 (By similarity). 
METAL   444    444        Magnesium 2; via carbonyl oxygen (By similarity). 
METAL   488    488        Magnesium 1 (By similarity). 
METAL   488    488        Magnesium 2 (By similarity). 
MUTAGEN   306    306        F->L: In temperature-sensitive mutant tsaca2. 
MUTAGEN   394    394        L->S: Constitutive activity. 
MUTAGEN   498    498        S->G: In temperature-sensitive mutant tsaca2. 
MUTAGEN   504    504        K->E: In temperature-sensitive mutant tsaca2. 
MUTAGEN   593    593        E->V: In temperature-sensitive mutant tsaca2. 
MUTAGEN   649    649        I->T: In temperature-sensitive mutant tsaca2. 
CONFLICT   567    568        NN -> TT (in Ref. 1; AAA33163). 
CONFLICT   578    579        NN -> TT (in Ref. 1; AAA33163). 
CONFLICT   940    940        L -> Y (in Ref. 1; AAA33163). 
Sequence information
Length: 1407 AA [This is the length of the unprocessed precursor] Molecular weight: 159702 Da [This is the MW of the unprocessed precursor] CRC64: C7A115B4AE417007 [This is a checksum on the sequence]
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MASSSPMFND HAIARSKYAL NSVLQQTNEL HDGNGGGGYT PSSPHLGGVS LNKSQNQPYT 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
QYNNGGGGGG GGGGHINPMH LNLNSITNNH NNHHNHHPNT LSTPHNNNHN NNNHSTSHHP 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
HSNSVANGGH LSQSITQQRG GLADLANAVI NRKNRSDSVQ TKMKPTDSAS NIESWAKVEK 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
FSSSIFDSEK SKKSNIFQKY TLRLKNSYEK GYLHQHYNSQ IMLLRITNLI GIVAVSYGFT 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
KEAIFMLIAI RILCFNLFAF SIFLSFLRNR ELYKKLFHPL FLFSFTTFFI TILLEYKTTT 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
TTLILFLYVV IFCCLYALGC LLFIWMVMCN LMNAICFIIF IFLESTLDRN NLISFVIYIL 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
TMFLVGASHL YVLEKFRKES FIAEKKLIKE SNILKNEKEK SSKLLNNILP DFIIENIVYD 

       430        440        450        460        470        480 
FEKRDIVIPE PEEYKSCSIL CFDIVQFTNM SAKLDSPSRL VDLLTQVFRE FDTVVLRNGC 

       490        500        510        520        530        540 
QKIKTDGDAY ICACGLKSKK KAKKQMPNSK STPLLQSTSS TSVNNIDLDK DNKDNNNNNN 

       550        560        570        580        590        600 
NNKNSNNNFK NKNNIINNNN NSNSNNNNNN NSNNNNINNS GNDDDDEEIE DSELEHFEKL 

       610        620        630        640        650        660 
IDVAIEIMNL DVLKETGNTE GIQVQFRCGI AAGSVYGGVI GSQKYQFDIW GDTIARSHTL 

       670        680        690        700        710        720 
EQLGQPGKVH VGETIMTHKN WLKKWQYNYN IVSNSECKDQ EHDYEFHKAH GECITSYFVD 

       730        740        750        760        770        780 
WKDDYREKKK KDLSCDFSIN KVLNAETIES KSNNNNYNNN NYNNNNYNNN YNNNNLNNNS 

       790        800        810        820        830        840 
NNNNNEYGSS SSSSSVLGEA VTEQIDCNNT NPPLQHKKSQ SILTNNENDI VSPSLTSNSP 

       850        860        870        880        890        900 
ILDTTVNNNN NNNNTNNNNK NQNNIYGNNN NNEEDFKIKS KSNSSFEIEM SNIKKPKSRF 

       910        920        930        940        950        960 
IDRVMGILHH VKISNDKIDK EIIQIDEDFV KVTKLRKYFL FFENLTTEKF FHKYVIINNV 

       970        980        990       1000       1010       1020 
VETKFFLVIG LILHLMFYLD DHIMDSAPYF NSNVIYLVMG IAFLVYIGLS FTRIFRTPLV 

      1030       1040       1050       1060       1070       1080 
YQIAFFILLC AFGVCTVLEL IRFQNPLARS SLTRVCATLF YLNVFHSLNF LSVLFLNLFI 

      1090       1100       1110       1120       1130       1140 
FSFFIICSIL ISPTLTNHLY ETDYIGFVIV LLIQICSSYG MKLAMRKAWV VNCKINFKTI 

      1150       1160       1170       1180       1190       1200 
SVNKEKDKFN FLLKSIFPQS ALTKLRDMID TPNIETKGIV YVQPHQDVSI MFIQIAGFQE 

      1210       1220       1230       1240       1250       1260 
YDEPKDLIKK LNDIFSFFDG LLNQKYGGTV EKIKTIGNTY MAVSGLDGSP SFLEKMSDFA 

      1270       1280       1290       1300       1310       1320 
LDVKAYTNSV AISRVVRIGI SHGPLVAGCI GISRAKFDVW GDTANTASRM QSNAQDNEIM 

      1330       1340       1350       1360       1370       1380 
VTHSVYERLN KLFYFDDEKE ILVKGKGKMV THVLKGKKDL EQTNKWFTKP PEVWEVNATP 

      1390       1400 
AGIASPLSGT LLGEIGSFTT PRFHLSS 

Q03100 in FASTA format

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