ID THS1_VITVI Reviewed; 392 AA. AC P28343; A5AGH1; Q2HY09; Q54AD0; DT 01-DEC-1992, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 01-OCT-1996, sequence version 2. DT 25-NOV-2008, entry version 63. DE RecName: Full=Stilbene synthase 1; DE EC=2.3.1.95; DE AltName: Full=Resveratrol synthase 1; DE AltName: Full=Trihydroxystilbene synthase 1; DE Short=StSy 1; DE AltName: Full=Vitis stilbene synthase 1; DE AltName: Full=PSV25; GN Name=VINST1; Synonyms=STS2, VST1; GN ORFNames=GSVIVT00009226001, VITISV_035301; OS Vitis vinifera (Grape). OC Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; OC Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; eudicotyledons; core eudicotyledons; OC Vitales; Vitaceae; Vitis. OX NCBI_TaxID=29760; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. RC STRAIN=cv. Optima; RX MEDLINE=90346129; PubMed=2200709; DOI=10.1016/0014-5793(90)80961-H; RA Melchior F., Kindl H.; RT "Grapevine stilbene synthase cDNA only slightly differing from RT chalcone synthase cDNA is expressed in Escherichia coli into a RT catalytically active enzyme."; RL FEBS Lett. 268:17-20(1990). RN [2] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. RC STRAIN=cv. Optima; RX MEDLINE=91378500; PubMed=1898048; DOI=10.1016/0003-9861(91)90234-A; RA Melchior F., Kindl H.; RT "Coordinate- and elicitor-dependent expression of stilbene synthase RT and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase genes in Vitis cv. Optima."; RL Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 288:552-557(1991). RN [3] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. RC STRAIN=cv. Optima; RA Kobayashi S., Ding C., Nakamura Y., Nakajima I., Matsumoto R.; RT "Kiwifruits (Actinidia deliciosa) transformed with a Vitis stilbene RT synthase gene produce piceid (resveratrol-glucoside)."; RL Plant Cell Rep. 19:904-910(2000). RN [4] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. RA Zhang Y., Yu O.; RL Submitted (JAN-2006) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [5] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RC STRAIN=cv. Pinot noir / PN40024; RX PubMed=17721507; DOI=10.1038/nature06148; RA Jaillon O., Aury J.-M., Noel B., Policriti A., Clepet C., RA Casagrande A., Choisne N., Aubourg S., Vitulo N., Jubin C., Vezzi A., RA Legeai F., Hugueney P., Dasilva C., Horner D., Mica E., Jublot D., RA Poulain J., Bruyere C., Billault A., Segurens B., Gouyvenoux M., RA Ugarte E., Cattonaro F., Anthouard V., Vico V., Del Fabbro C., RA Alaux M., Di Gaspero G., Dumas V., Felice N., Paillard S., Juman I., RA Moroldo M., Scalabrin S., Canaguier A., Le Clainche I., Malacrida G., RA Durand E., Pesole G., Laucou V., Chatelet P., Merdinoglu D., RA Delledonne M., Pezzotti M., Lecharny A., Scarpelli C., Artiguenave F., RA Pe M.E., Valle G., Morgante M., Caboche M., Adam-Blondon A.-F., RA Weissenbach J., Quetier F., Wincker P.; RT "The grapevine genome sequence suggests ancestral hexaploidization in RT major angiosperm phyla."; RL Nature 449:463-467(2007). RN [6] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RC STRAIN=cv. Pinot noir; RX DOI=10.1371/journal.pone.0001326; RA Velasco R., Zharkikh A., Troggio M., Cartwright D.A., Cestaro A., RA Pruss D., Pindo M., FitzGerald L.M., Vezzulli S., Reid J., RA Malacarne G., Iliev D., Coppola G., Wardell B., Micheletti D., RA Macalma T., Facci M., Mitchell J.T., Perazzolli M., Eldredge G., RA Gatto P., Oyzerski R., Moretto M., Gutin N., Stefanini M., Chen Y., RA Segala C., Davenport C., Dematte L., Mraz A., Battilana J., Stormo K., RA Costa F., Tao Q., Si-Ammour A., Harkins T., Lackey A., Perbost C., RA Taillon B., Stella A., Solovyev V., Fawcett J.A., Sterck L., RA Vandepoele K., Grando S.M., Toppo S., Moser C., Lanchbury J., RA Bogden R., Skolnick M., Sgaramella V., Bhatnagar S.K., Fontana P., RA Gutin A., Van de Peer Y., Salamini F., Viola R.; RT "A high quality draft consensus sequence of the genome of a RT heterozygous grapevine variety."; RL PLoS ONE 2:E1326-E1326(2007). RN [7] RP INDUCTION BY OZONE AND PATHOGENS, AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY. RX MEDLINE=97369365; PubMed=9225853; DOI=10.1023/A:1005830714852; RA Schubert R., Fischer R., Hain R., Schreier P.H., Bahnweg G., Ernst D., RA Sandermann H. Jr.; RT "An ozone-responsive region of the grapevine resveratrol synthase RT promoter differs from the basal pathogen-responsive sequence."; RL Plant Mol. Biol. 34:417-426(1997). RN [8] RP FUNCTION, BIOTECHNOLOGY, AND INDUCTION BY PHYTOPATHOGEN AND ABIOTIC RP STRESS. RX PubMed=11432907; DOI=10.1093/jexbot/52.358.901; RA Coutos-Thevenot P., Poinssot B., Bonomelli A., Yean H., Breda C., RA Buffard D., Esnault R., Hain R., Boulay M.; RT "In vitro tolerance to Botrytis cinerea of grapevine 41B rootstock in RT transgenic plants expressing the stilbene synthase Vst1 gene under the RT control of a pathogen-inducible PR 10 promoter."; RL J. Exp. Bot. 52:901-910(2001). RN [9] RP FUNCTION, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY. RA Coutos-Thevenot P., Hain R., Schreier P.-H., Boulay M., Esnault R.; RT "Nucleic acid comprising the sequence of a promoter unductible by RT stress and a gene sequence coding for a stilbene synthase."; RL Patent number US6800794, 05-OCT-2004. RN [10] RP FUNCTION, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY. RX PubMed=15309535; DOI=10.1007/s00425-004-1343-1; RA Zhu Y.J., Agbayani R., Jackson M.C., Tang C.S., Moore P.H.; RT "Expression of the grapevine stilbene synthase gene VST1 in papaya RT provides increased resistance against diseases caused by Phytophthora RT palmivora."; RL Planta 220:241-250(2004). RN [11] RP BIOTECHNOLOGY. RX PubMed=15359598; DOI=10.1023/B:TRAG.0000034658.64990.7f; RA Giorcelli A., Sparvoli F., Mattivi F., Tava A., Balestrazzi A., RA Vrhovsek U., Calligari P., Bollini R., Confalonieri M.; RT "Expression of the stilbene synthase (StSy) gene from grapevine in RT transgenic white poplar results in high accumulation of the RT antioxidant resveratrol glucosides."; RL Transgenic Res. 13:203-214(2004). RN [12] RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY, AND INDUCTION BY JA. RX PubMed=15869650; DOI=10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01383.x; RA Tassoni A., Fornale S., Franceschetti M., Musiani F., Michael A.J., RA Perry B., Bagni N.; RT "Jasmonates and Na-orthovanadate promote resveratrol production in RT Vitis vinifera cv. Barbera cell cultures."; RL New Phytol. 166:895-905(2005). RN [13] RP BIOTECHNOLOGY. RX PubMed=17168899; DOI=10.1111/j.1467-7652.2004.00099.x; RA Giovinazzo G., D'Amico L., Paradiso A., Bollini R., Sparvoli F., RA DeGara L.; RT "Antioxidant metabolite profiles in tomato fruit constitutively RT expressing the grapevine stilbene synthase gene."; RL Plant Biotechnol. J. 3:57-69(2005). RN [14] RP INDUCTION BY JA. RX PubMed=17117799; DOI=10.1021/jf0618022; RA Belhadj A., Saigne C., Telef N., Cluzet S., Bouscaut J., RA Corio-Costet M.-F., Merillon J.-M.; RT "Methyl jasmonate induces defense responses in grapevine and triggers RT protection against Erysiphe necator."; RL J. Agric. Food Chem. 54:9119-9125(2006). RN [15] RP INDUCTION BY UV LIGHT. RX PubMed=16802117; DOI=10.1007/s00299-006-0172-z; RA Richter A., de Kathen A., de Lorenzo G., Briviba K., Hain R., RA Ramsay G., Jacobsen H.-J., Kiesecker H.; RT "Transgenic peas (Pisum sativum) expressing polygalacturonase RT inhibiting protein from raspberry (Rubus idaeus) and stilbene synthase RT from grape (Vitis vinifera)."; RL Plant Cell Rep. 25:1166-1173(2006). RN [16] RP BIOTECHNOLOGY. RX PubMed=16885328; DOI=10.1128/AEM.00609-06; RA Beekwilder J., Wolswinkel R., Jonker H., Hall R., de Vos C.H.R., RA Bovy A.; RT "Production of resveratrol in recombinant microorganisms."; RL Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72:5670-5672(2006). RN [17] RP INDUCTION BY ERGOSTEROL. RX PubMed=17022174; DOI=10.1094/MPMI-19-1103; RA Laquitaine L., Gomes E., Francois J., Marchive C., Pascal S., RA Hamdi S., Atanassova R., Delrot S., Coutos-Thevenot P.; RT "Molecular basis of ergosterol-induced protection of grape against RT botrytis cinerea: induction of type I LTP promoter activity, WRKY, and RT stilbene synthase gene expression."; RL Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 19:1103-1112(2006). RN [18] RP REVIEW. RX PubMed=17569614; DOI=10.2741/2432; RA Shankar S., Singh G., Srivastava R.K.; RT "Chemoprevention by resveratrol: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic RT potential."; RL Front. Biosci. 12:4839-4854(2007). CC -!- FUNCTION: Mediates resistance to pathogens which are sensitive to CC stilbenes such as Botrytis cinerea, Eutypa lata and Plasmopora CC viticola by enhancing the production of phytoalexins. Confers CC resistance to Phytophthora palmivora when expressed in papaya. CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: 3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA = 4 CoA + CC 3,4',5-trihydroxy-stilbene + 4 CO(2). CC -!- PATHWAY: Phytoalexin biosynthesis; 3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene CC biosynthesis; 3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene from 4-coumaric acid: step CC 2/2. CC -!- SUBUNIT: Homodimer (By similarity). CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: In leaves, expressed in palisade and spongy CC parenchyma cells and, to a lesser extent, in epidermal cells after CC induction. CC -!- INDUCTION: By stress, including UV light, ozone and pathogens such CC as B.cinerea. Strongly induced by ergosterol, a non-specific CC fungal elicitor. Positively regulated by jasmonate (JA) and CC methyl-jasmonate (MeJA). Induction by phytopathogen attack CC decreases with grape berry ripening. CC -!- BIOTECHNOLOGY: Driven by a stress-inducible promoter, stilbene CC synthase is used to improve resistance to pathogens which are CC sensitive to stilbenes such as B.cinerea, P.palmivora, E.lata or CC P.viticola. CC -!- BIOTECHNOLOGY: Expression in heterologous systems (e.g. CC S.cerevisiae and Populus alba) is used to produce resveratrol for CC human food and medication. Resveratrol, a product of the chemical CC reaction catalized by stilbene synthase, exhibits several clinical CC benefits for human diseases, such as cancers, cardiovascular CC diseases and has positive effects on longevity. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the chalcone/stilbene synthases family. CC ----------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see http://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License CC ----------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; S63225; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; mRNA. DR EMBL; S63227; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; mRNA. DR EMBL; AB046375; BAB20980.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; DQ366302; ABC84860.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; CU459442; CAO15528.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AM426171; CAN60215.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR PIR; S11044; S11044. DR HSSP; P30074; 1CGZ. DR SMR; P28343; 3-387. DR GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; IEA:UniProtKB-KW. DR GO; GO:0008415; F:acyltransferase activity; IEA:InterPro. DR GO; GO:0050350; F:trihydroxystilbene synthase activity; IEA:EC. DR GO; GO:0009058; P:biosynthetic process; IEA:InterPro. DR GO; GO:0006952; P:defense response; IEA:UniProtKB-KW. DR InterPro; IPR012328; Chal_sti_synt_C. DR InterPro; IPR001099; Chal_sti_synt_N. DR InterPro; IPR011141; Polyketide_synthase_type-III. DR InterPro; IPR016038; Thiolase-like_subgr. DR Gene3D; G3DSA:3.40.47.10; Thiolase-like_subgr; 2. DR Pfam; PF02797; Chal_sti_synt_C; 1. DR Pfam; PF00195; Chal_sti_synt_N; 1. DR PIRSF; PIRSF000451; PKS_III; 1. DR ProDom; PD000453; N-C_synthase; 1. DR PROSITE; PS00441; CHALCONE_SYNTH; 1. PE 1: Evidence at protein level; KW Acyltransferase; Cytoplasm; Genetically modified food; Plant defense; KW Stress response; Transferase. FT CHAIN 1 392 Stilbene synthase 1. FT /FTId=PRO_0000216082. FT REGION 55 58 Substrate binding (By similarity). FT REGION 305 307 Substrate binding (By similarity). FT ACT_SITE 164 164 By similarity. FT BINDING 267 267 Substrate; via carbonyl oxygen (By FT similarity). FT CONFLICT 387 389 VPT -> IPM (in Ref. 1; S63227 and 4; FT ABC84860). SQ SEQUENCE 392 AA; 42840 MW; 0C2E8C2553792431 CRC64; MASVEEFRNA QRAKGPATIL AIGTATPDHC VYQSDYADYY FRVTKSEHMT ELKKKFNRIC DKSMIKKRYI HLTEEMLEEH PNIGAYMAPS LNIRQEIITA EVPRLGRDAA LKALKEWGQP KSKITHLVFC TTSGVEMPGA DYKLANLLGL ETSVRRVMLY HQGCYAGGTV LRTAKDLAEN NAGARVLVVC SEITVVTFRG PSEDALDSLV GQALFGDGSS AVIVGSDPDV SIERPLFQLV SAAQTFIPNS AGAIAGNLRE VGLTFHLWPN VPTLISENIE KCLTQAFDPL GISDWNSLFW IAHPGGPAIL DAVEAKLNLE KKKLEATRHV LSEYGNMSSA CVLFILDEMR KKSLKGEKAT TGEGLDWGVL FGFGPGLTIE TVVLHSVPTV TN //