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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry P22557


[Entry info] [Name and origin] [References] [Comments] [Cross-references] [Keywords] [Features] [Sequence] [Tools]

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Entry information
Entry name HEM0_HUMAN
Primary accession number P22557
Secondary accession number Q13735
Integrated into Swiss-Prot on August 1, 1991
Sequence was last modified on January 23, 2002 (Sequence version 2)
Annotations were last modified on    November 25, 2008 (Entry version 98)
Name and origin of the protein
Protein name 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial [Precursor]
Synonyms EC 2.3.1.37
5-aminolevulinic acid synthase
Delta-aminolevulinate synthase
Delta-ALA synthetase
ALAS-E
Gene name
Name: ALAS2
Synonyms: ALASE, ASB
From
Homo sapiens (Human) [TaxID: 9606] 
Taxonomy Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
Protein existence 1: Evidence at protein level;
References
[1]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
TISSUE=Liver;
DOI=10.1093/nar/18.23.7187; PubMed=2263504 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Bishop D.F.;
"Two different genes encode delta-aminolevulinate synthase in humans: nucleotide sequences of cDNAs for the housekeeping and erythroid genes.";
Nucleic Acids Res. 18:7187-7188(1990).
[2]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
TISSUE=Liver;
PubMed=2050125 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Cox T.C., Bawden M.J., Martin A., May B.K.;
"Human erythroid 5-aminolevulinate synthase: promoter analysis and identification of an iron-responsive element in the mRNA.";
EMBO J. 10:1891-1902(1991).
[3]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
DOI=10.1074/jbc.273.27.16798; PubMed=9642238 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Surinya K.H., Cox T.C., May B.K.;
"Identification and characterization of a conserved erythroid-specific enhancer located in intron 8 of the human 5-aminolevulinate synthase 2 gene.";
J. Biol. Chem. 273:16798-16809(1998).
[4]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
DOI=10.1038/nature03440; PubMed=15772651 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Ross M.T., Grafham D.V., Coffey A.J., Scherer S., McLay K., Muzny D., Platzer M., Howell G.R., Burrows C., Bird C.P., Frankish A., Lovell F.L., Howe K.L., Ashurst J.L., Fulton R.S., Sudbrak R., Wen G., Jones M.C., Hurles M.E., Andrews T.D., Scott C.E., Searle S., Ramser J., Whittaker A., Deadman R., Carter N.P., Hunt S.E., Chen R., Cree A., Gunaratne P., Havlak P., Hodgson A., Metzker M.L., Richards S., Scott G., Steffen D., Sodergren E., Wheeler D.A., Worley K.C., Ainscough R., Ambrose K.D., Ansari-Lari M.A., Aradhya S., Ashwell R.I., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.L., Ballabio A., Banerjee R., Barker G.E., Barlow K.F., Barrett I.P., Bates K.N., Beare D.M., Beasley H., Beasley O., Beck A., Bethel G., Blechschmidt K., Brady N., Bray-Allen S., Bridgeman A.M., Brown A.J., Brown M.J., Bonnin D., Bruford E.A., Buhay C., Burch P., Burford D., Burgess J., Burrill W., Burton J., Bye J.M., Carder C., Carrel L., Chako J., Chapman J.C., Chavez D., Chen E., Chen G., Chen Y., Chen Z., Chinault C., Ciccodicola A., Clark S.Y., Clarke G., Clee C.M., Clegg S., Clerc-Blankenburg K., Clifford K., Cobley V., Cole C.G., Conquer J.S., Corby N., Connor R.E., David R., Davies J., Davis C., Davis J., Delgado O., Deshazo D., Dhami P., Ding Y., Dinh H., Dodsworth S., Draper H., Dugan-Rocha S., Dunham A., Dunn M., Durbin K.J., Dutta I., Eades T., Ellwood M., Emery-Cohen A., Errington H., Evans K.L., Faulkner L., Francis F., Frankland J., Fraser A.E., Galgoczy P., Gilbert J., Gill R., Gloeckner G., Gregory S.G., Gribble S., Griffiths C., Grocock R., Gu Y., Gwilliam R., Hamilton C., Hart E.A., Hawes A., Heath P.D., Heitmann K., Hennig S., Hernandez J., Hinzmann B., Ho S., Hoffs M., Howden P.J., Huckle E.J., Hume J., Hunt P.J., Hunt A.R., Isherwood J., Jacob L., Johnson D., Jones S., de Jong P.J., Joseph S.S., Keenan S., Kelly S., Kershaw J.K., Khan Z., Kioschis P., Klages S., Knights A.J., Kosiura A., Kovar-Smith C., Laird G.K., Langford C., Lawlor S., Leversha M., Lewis L., Liu W., Lloyd C., Lloyd D.M., Loulseged H., Loveland J.E., Lovell J.D., Lozado R., Lu J., Lyne R., Ma J., Maheshwari M., Matthews L.H., McDowall J., McLaren S., McMurray A., Meidl P., Meitinger T., Milne S., Miner G., Mistry S.L., Morgan M., Morris S., Mueller I., Mullikin J.C., Nguyen N., Nordsiek G., Nyakatura G., O'dell C.N., Okwuonu G., Palmer S., Pandian R., Parker D., Parrish J., Pasternak S., Patel D., Pearce A.V., Pearson D.M., Pelan S.E., Perez L., Porter K.M., Ramsey Y., Reichwald K., Rhodes S., Ridler K.A., Schlessinger D., Schueler M.G., Sehra H.K., Shaw-Smith C., Shen H., Sheridan E.M., Shownkeen R., Skuce C.D., Smith M.L., Sotheran E.C., Steingruber H.E., Steward C.A., Storey R., Swann R.M., Swarbreck D., Tabor P.E., Taudien S., Taylor T., Teague B., Thomas K., Thorpe A., Timms K., Tracey A., Trevanion S., Tromans A.C., d'Urso M., Verduzco D., Villasana D., Waldron L., Wall M., Wang Q., Warren J., Warry G.L., Wei X., West A., Whitehead S.L., Whiteley M.N., Wilkinson J.E., Willey D.L., Williams G., Williams L., Williamson A., Williamson H., Wilming L., Woodmansey R.L., Wray P.W., Yen J., Zhang J., Zhou J., Zoghbi H., Zorilla S., Buck D., Reinhardt R., Poustka A., Rosenthal A., Lehrach H., Meindl A., Minx P.J., Hillier L.W., Willard H.F., Wilson R.K., Waterston R.H., Rice C.M., Vaudin M., Coulson A., Nelson D.L., Weinstock G., Sulston J.E., Durbin R.M., Hubbard T., Gibbs R.A., Beck S., Rogers J., Bentley D.R.;
"The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome.";
Nature 434:325-337(2005).
[5]
VARIANT XLSA SER-388.
DOI=10.1056/NEJM199403103301004; PubMed=8107717 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Cox T.C., Bottomley S.S., Wiley J.S., Bawden M.J., Matthews C.S., May B.K.;
"X-linked pyridoxine-responsive sideroblastic anemia due to a Thr388-to-Ser substitution in erythroid 5-aminolevulinate synthase.";
N. Engl. J. Med. 330:675-679(1994).
[6]
VARIANT XLSA ASN-476.
PubMed=1570328 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Cotter P.D., Baumann M., Bishop D.F.;
"Enzymatic defect in 'X-linked' sideroblastic anemia: molecular evidence for erythroid delta-aminolevulinate synthase deficiency.";
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89:4028-4032(1992).
[7]
VARIANT XLSA CYS-411.
DOI=10.1046/j.1365-2141.1998.01050.x; PubMed=9858242 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Furuyama K., Uno R., Urabe A., Hayashi N., Fujita H., Kondo M., Sassa S., Yamamoto M.;
"R411C mutation of the ALAS2 gene encodes a pyridoxine-responsive enzyme with low activity.";
Br. J. Haematol. 103:839-841(1998).
[8]
VARIANT XLSA GLN-204.
PubMed=10577279 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Harigae H., Furuyama K., Kudo K., Hayashi N., Yamamoto M., Sassa S., Sasaki T.;
"A novel mutation of the erythroid-specific gamma-aminolevulinate synthase gene in a patient with non-inherited pyridoxine-responsive sideroblastic anemia.";
Am. J. Hematol. 62:112-114(1999).
[9]
VARIANTS XLSA HIS-199; CYS-411; GLN-448 AND CYS-452.
PubMed=10029606 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Cotter P.D., May A., Li L., Al-Sabah A.I., Fitzsimons E.J., Cazzola M., Bishop D.F.;
"Four new mutations in the erythroid-specific 5-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS2) gene causing X-linked sideroblastic anemia: increased pyridoxine responsiveness after removal of iron overload by phlebotomy and coinheritance of hereditary hemochromatosis.";
Blood 93:1757-1769(1999).
[10]
VARIANT XLSA HIS-560.
DOI=10.1182/blood-2002-03-0685; PubMed=12393718 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Cazzola M., May A., Bergamaschi G., Cerani P., Ferrillo S., Bishop D.F.;
"Absent phenotypic expression of X-linked sideroblastic anemia in one of 2 brothers with a novel ALAS2 mutation.";
Blood 100:4236-4238(2002).
[11]
VARIANT XLSA TYR-159.
DOI=10.1016/S0009-8981(02)00095-5; PubMed=12031592 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Hurford M.T., Marshall-Taylor C., Vicki S.L., Zhou J.Z., Silverman L.M., Rezuke W.N., Altman A., Tsongalis G.J.;
"A novel mutation in exon 5 of the ALAS2 gene results in X-linked sideroblastic anemia.";
Clin. Chim. Acta 321:49-53(2002).
Comments
Copyright
Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see http://www.uniprot.org/terms. Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License.
Cross-references
Sequence databases
EMBL
X56352; CAA39795.1; ALT_INIT; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
X60364; CAA42916.1; -; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AF068624; AAC39838.1; -; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
Z83821; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ]
AL020991; CAA15886.1; -; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
PIR S16347; SYHUAE.
RefSeq NP_000023.2; -.
UniGene Hs.522666
3D structure databases
HSSP P08680; 1H7D. [HSSP ENTRY / PDB]
SMR P22557; 1-49.
ModBase P22557.
PTM databases
PhosphoSite P22557; -.
Enzyme and pathway databases
Reactome REACT_9431; Porphyrin metabolism.
Organism-specific databases
HGNC HGNC:397; ALAS2.
GenAtlas ALAS2.
HPA HPA001638; -.
MIM 301300; gene+phenotype. [NCBI / EBI]
Orphanet 1047; Sideroblastic anaemia.
75563; Sideroblastic anaemia, X-linked.
PharmGKB PA24689; -.
GeneCards P22557.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress P22557; -.
CleanEx HS_ALAS2; -.
GermOnline ENSG00000158578; Homo sapiens.
Ontologies
GO
GO:0005743; Cellular component: mitochondrial inner membrane (inferred from direct assay from UniProtKB).
GO:0005759; Cellular component: mitochondrial matrix (inferred from electronic annotation from InterPro).
GO:0003870; Molecular function: 5-aminolevulinate synthase activity (inferred from direct assay from UniProtKB).
GO:0005515; Molecular function: protein binding (inferred from physical interaction from UniProtKB).
GO:0030170; Molecular function: pyridoxal phosphate binding (inferred from electronic annotation from InterPro).
GO:0016769; Molecular function: transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups (inferred from electronic annotation from InterPro).
GO:0030218; Biological process: erythrocyte differentiation (non-traceable author statement from UniProtKB).
GO:0006783; Biological process: heme biosynthetic process (non-traceable author statement from UniProtKB).
GO:0042541; Biological process: hemoglobin biosynthetic process (inferred from sequence or structural similarity from UniProtKB).
GO:0032364; Biological process: oxygen homeostasis (non-traceable author statement from UniProtKB).
GO:0001666; Biological process: response to hypoxia (inferred from direct assay from UniProtKB).
QuickGo view.
Family and domain databases
InterPro IPR010961; 4pyrrol_synth_NH2levulA_synth.
IPR015118; 5aminolev_synth_preseq.
IPR004839; Aminotrans_I/II.
IPR001917; Aminotrans_II_pyridoxalP_BS.
IPR015421; PyrdxlP-dep_Trfase_major_sub1.
Graphical view of domain structure.
Gene3D G3DSA:3.40.640.10; PyrdxlP-dep_Trfase_major_sub1; 1.
Pfam PF00155; Aminotran_1_2; 1.
PF09029; Preseq_ALAS; 1.
Pfam graphical view of domain structure.
TIGRFAMs TIGR01821; 5aminolev_synth; 1.
PROSITE PS00599; AA_TRANSFER_CLASS_2; 1.
ProtoNet P22557.
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl ENSG00000158578; Homo sapiens. [Contig view]
GeneID 212; -.
KEGG hsa:212; -.
Phylogenomic databases
HOGENOM P22557; -.
HOVERGEN P22557; -.
Other
DrugBank DB00145; Glycine.
NextBio 852; -.
SOURCE ALAS2; Homo sapiens.
UniRef View cluster of proteins with at least 50% / 90% / 100% identity.
Keywords
Acyltransferase; Disease mutation; Heme biosynthesis; Mitochondrion; Pyridoxal phosphate; Transferase; Transit peptide.
Features
SEVIEWER logo Feature table viewer
KeyFrom   To Length Description FTId
TRANSIT   1   ?49        Mitochondrion. 
CHAIN   ?50   587        5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial. PRO_0000001223
BINDING   391   391        Pyridoxal phosphate (covalent) (Probable). 
VARIANT   159   159  1     D -> Y (in XLSA). VAR_018604 
VARIANT   199   199  1     Y -> H (in XLSA). VAR_012334 
VARIANT   204   204  1     R -> Q (in XLSA; 15% to 35% activity of wild-type). VAR_012335 
VARIANT   388   388  1     T -> S (in XLSA). VAR_000562 
VARIANT   411   411  1     R -> C (in XLSA; 12% to 25% activity of wild-type). VAR_000563 
VARIANT   448   448  1     R -> Q (in XLSA). VAR_012336 
VARIANT   452   452  1     R -> C (in XLSA). VAR_012337 
VARIANT   476   476  1     I -> N (in XLSA). VAR_000564 
VARIANT   560   560  1     R -> H (in XLSA). VAR_018605 
CONFLICT   182   182        S -> F (in Ref. 1; CAA39795). 
Sequence information
Length: 587 AA [This is the length of the unprocessed precursor] Molecular weight: 64633 Da [This is the MW of the unprocessed precursor] CRC64: FD821BE245C440B5 [This is a checksum on the sequence]
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MVTAAMLLQC CPVLARGPTS LLGKVVKTHQ FLFGIGRCPI LATQGPNCSQ IHLKATKAGG 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
DSPSWAKGHC PFMLSELQDG KSKIVQKAAP EVQEDVKAFK TDLPSSLVSV SLRKPFSGPQ 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
EQEQISGKVT HLIQNNMPGN YVFSYDQFFR DKIMEKKQDH TYRVFKTVNR WADAYPFAQH 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
FSEASVASKD VSVWCSNDYL GMSRHPQVLQ ATQETLQRHG AGAGGTRNIS GTSKFHVELE 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
QELAELHQKD SALLFSSCFV ANDSTLFTLA KILPGCEIYS DAGNHASMIQ GIRNSGAAKF 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
VFRHNDPDHL KKLLEKSNPK IPKIVAFETV HSMDGAICPL EELCDVSHQY GALTFVDEVH 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
AVGLYGSRGA GIGERDGIMH KIDIISGTLG KAFGCVGGYI ASTRDLVDMV RSYAAGFIFT 

       430        440        450        460        470        480 
TSLPPMVLSG ALESVRLLKG EEGQALRRAH QRNVKHMRQL LMDRGLPVIP CPSHIIPIRV 

       490        500        510        520        530        540 
GNAALNSKLC DLLLSKHGIY VQAINYPTVP RGEELLRLAP SPHHSPQMME DFVEKLLLAW 

       550        560        570        580 
TAVGLPLQDV SVAACNFCRR PVHFELMSEW ERSYFGNMGP QYVTTYA 

P22557 in FASTA format

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View entry in raw text format (no links)
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