ID G6PD_LEUME Reviewed; 486 AA. AC P11411; DT 01-OCT-1989, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 23-JAN-2007, sequence version 4. DT 09-APR-2025, entry version 158. DE RecName: Full=Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00966}; DE Short=G6PD {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00966}; DE EC=1.1.1.363 {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11106478, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11106479, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1304341, ECO:0000269|PubMed:4396688, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9485426}; DE AltName: Full=Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)(+)) {ECO:0000305}; GN Name=zwf {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00966}; OS Leuconostoc mesenteroides. OC Bacteria; Bacillati; Bacillota; Bacilli; Lactobacillales; Lactobacillaceae; OC Leuconostoc. OX NCBI_TaxID=1245; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. RC STRAIN=ATCC 12291; RX PubMed=2071589; DOI=10.1016/s0021-9258(18)98798-3; RA Lee W.T., Flynn T.G., Lyons C., Levy H.R.; RT "Cloning of the gene and amino acid sequence for glucose 6-phosphate RT dehydrogenase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides."; RL J. Biol. Chem. 266:13028-13034(1991). RN [2] RP PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 147-188. RX PubMed=3100332; DOI=10.1016/0014-5793(87)81445-x; RA Bhadbhade M.M., Adams M.J., Flynn T.G., Levy H.R.; RT "Sequence identity between a lysine-containing peptide from Leuconostoc RT mesenteroides glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and an active site peptide RT from human erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase."; RL FEBS Lett. 211:243-246(1987). RN [3] RP FUNCTION, AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY. RX PubMed=4396688; DOI=10.1016/s0021-9258(19)77187-7; RA Olive C., Geroch M.E., Levy H.R.; RT "Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Kinetic RT studies."; RL J. Biol. Chem. 246:2047-2057(1971). RN [4] RP FUNCTION, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, AND MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-22. RX PubMed=1304341; DOI=10.1002/pro.5560010304; RA Lee W.T., Levy H.R.; RT "Lysine-21 of Leuconostoc mesenteroides glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase RT participates in substrate binding through charge-charge interaction."; RL Protein Sci. 1:329-334(1992). RN [5] RP FUNCTION, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, AND MUTAGENESIS OF THR-15; LYS-22; ARG-47; RP GLN-48; PRO-150; TYR-180; LYS-183; LYS-344; ASP-375 AND TYR-416. RX PubMed=11106479; DOI=10.1021/bi0014610; RA Vought V., Ciccone T., Davino M.H., Fairbairn L., Lin Y., Cosgrove M.S., RA Adams M.J., Levy H.R.; RT "Delineation of the roles of amino acids involved in the catalytic RT functions of Leuconostoc mesenteroides glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase."; RL Biochemistry 39:15012-15021(2000). RN [6] {ECO:0007744|PDB:1DPG} RP X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.0 ANGSTROMS). RX PubMed=7881907; DOI=10.1016/s0969-2126(94)00110-3; RA Rowland P., Basak A.K., Gover S., Levy H.R., Adams M.J.; RT "The three-dimensional structure of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase from RT Leuconostoc mesenteroides refined at 2.0-A resolution."; RL Structure 2:1073-1087(1994). RN [7] {ECO:0007744|PDB:2DPG} RP X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.5 ANGSTROMS) OF MUTANT ASN-241 IN COMPLEX WITH RP NADP, FUNCTION, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, ACTIVE RP SITE, AND MUTAGENESIS OF ASP-178; HIS-179 AND HIS-241. RX PubMed=9485426; DOI=10.1021/bi972069y; RA Cosgrove M.S., Naylor C., Paludan S., Adams M.J., Levy H.R.; RT "On the mechanism of the reaction catalyzed by glucose 6-phosphate RT dehydrogenase."; RL Biochemistry 37:2759-2767(1998). RN [8] {ECO:0007744|PDB:1E77, ECO:0007744|PDB:1E7M, ECO:0007744|PDB:1E7Y} RP X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.3 ANGSTROMS) OF MUTANTS ASN-178 AND CYS-366 IN RP COMPLEXES WITH NAD; NADP AND GLUCOSE 6-PHOSPHATE, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, RP BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, AND SUBUNIT. RX PubMed=11106478; DOI=10.1021/bi0014608; RA Cosgrove M.S., Gover S., Naylor C.E., Vandeputte-Rutten L., Adams M.J., RA Levy H.R.; RT "An examination of the role of Asp-177 in the His-Asp catalytic dyad of RT Leuconostoc mesenteroides glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase: X-ray RT structure and pH dependence of kinetic parameters of the D177N mutant RT enzyme."; RL Biochemistry 39:15002-15011(2000). RN [9] {ECO:0007744|PDB:1H93, ECO:0007744|PDB:1H94, ECO:0007744|PDB:1H9A, ECO:0007744|PDB:1H9B} RP X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.16 ANGSTROMS) IN COMPLEXES WITH NAD AND NADP. RX PubMed=11320304; DOI=10.1107/s0907444901003420; RA Naylor C.E., Gover S., Basak A.K., Cosgrove M.S., Levy H.R., Adams M.J.; RT "NADP+ and NAD+ binding to the dual coenzyme specific enzyme Leuconostoc RT mesenteroides glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase: different interdomain RT hinge angles are seen in different binary and ternary complexes."; RL Acta Crystallogr. D 57:635-648(2001). CC -!- FUNCTION: Catalyzes the oxidation of glucose 6-phosphate to 6- CC phosphogluconolactone. Can utilize either NADP(+) or NAD(+). CC {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00966, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11106479, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:1304341, ECO:0000269|PubMed:4396688, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:9485426}. CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=D-glucose 6-phosphate + NAD(+) = 6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5- CC lactone + NADH + H(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:38215, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:57540, ChEBI:CHEBI:57945, ChEBI:CHEBI:57955, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:61548; EC=1.1.1.363; CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:11106478, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11106479, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:1304341, ECO:0000269|PubMed:4396688, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:9485426}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=D-glucose 6-phosphate + NADP(+) = 6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5- CC lactone + NADPH + H(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:15841, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:57783, ChEBI:CHEBI:57955, ChEBI:CHEBI:58349, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:61548; EC=1.1.1.363; CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:11106478, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11106479, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:1304341, ECO:0000269|PubMed:4396688, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:9485426}; CC -!- BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: CC Kinetic parameters: CC KM=114 uM for glucose 6-phosphate (with NADP) CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11106478, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9485426}; CC KM=69 uM for glucose 6-phosphate (with NAD) CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11106478, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9485426}; CC KM=8 uM for NADP {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11106478, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:9485426}; CC KM=160 uM for NAD {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11106478, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:9485426}; CC pH dependence: CC Optimum pH is 5.4-8.9. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11106478, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:9485426}; CC -!- PATHWAY: Carbohydrate degradation; pentose phosphate pathway; D- CC ribulose 5-phosphate from D-glucose 6-phosphate (oxidative stage): step CC 1/3. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00966}. CC -!- SUBUNIT: Homodimer. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11106478, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:9485426}. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase family. CC {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00966}. CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; M64446; AAA25265.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR PIR; A39864; A39864. DR PDB; 1DPG; X-ray; 2.00 A; A/B=2-486. DR PDB; 1E77; X-ray; 2.69 A; A=2-486. DR PDB; 1E7M; X-ray; 2.54 A; A=2-486. DR PDB; 1E7Y; X-ray; 2.48 A; A=2-486. DR PDB; 1H93; X-ray; 2.20 A; A=2-486. DR PDB; 1H94; X-ray; 2.50 A; A=2-486. DR PDB; 1H9A; X-ray; 2.16 A; A=2-486. DR PDB; 1H9B; X-ray; 2.40 A; A=2-486. DR PDB; 2DPG; X-ray; 2.50 A; A=2-486. DR PDBsum; 1DPG; -. DR PDBsum; 1E77; -. DR PDBsum; 1E7M; -. DR PDBsum; 1E7Y; -. DR PDBsum; 1H93; -. DR PDBsum; 1H94; -. DR PDBsum; 1H9A; -. DR PDBsum; 1H9B; -. DR PDBsum; 2DPG; -. DR AlphaFoldDB; P11411; -. DR SMR; P11411; -. DR STRING; 1245.ARA02_09055; -. DR BindingDB; P11411; -. DR ChEMBL; CHEMBL1741173; -. DR DrugBank; DB04122; beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate. DR DrugBank; DB02338; NADPH. DR DrugBank; DB03461; Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. DR KEGG; ag:AAA25265; -. DR BioCyc; MetaCyc:MONOMER-13060; -. DR BRENDA; 1.1.1.363; 839. DR SABIO-RK; P11411; -. DR UniPathway; UPA00115; UER00408. DR EvolutionaryTrace; P11411; -. DR GO; GO:0005829; C:cytosol; IEA:TreeGrafter. DR GO; GO:0004345; F:glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule. DR GO; GO:0050661; F:NADP binding; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule. DR GO; GO:0006006; P:glucose metabolic process; IEA:UniProtKB-KW. DR GO; GO:0009051; P:pentose-phosphate shunt, oxidative branch; IEA:TreeGrafter. DR Gene3D; 3.30.360.10; Dihydrodipicolinate Reductase, domain 2; 1. DR Gene3D; 3.40.50.720; NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-like Domain; 1. DR HAMAP; MF_00966; G6PD; 1. DR InterPro; IPR001282; G6P_DH. DR InterPro; IPR019796; G6P_DH_AS. DR InterPro; IPR022675; G6P_DH_C. DR InterPro; IPR022674; G6P_DH_NAD-bd. DR InterPro; IPR036291; NAD(P)-bd_dom_sf. DR NCBIfam; TIGR00871; zwf; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR23429:SF0; GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE 1-DEHYDROGENASE; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR23429; GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE 1-DEHYDROGENASE G6PD; 1. DR Pfam; PF02781; G6PD_C; 1. DR Pfam; PF00479; G6PD_N; 1. DR PIRSF; PIRSF000110; G6PD; 1. DR PRINTS; PR00079; G6PDHDRGNASE. DR SUPFAM; SSF55347; Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-like, C-terminal domain; 1. DR SUPFAM; SSF51735; NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-fold domains; 1. DR PROSITE; PS00069; G6P_DEHYDROGENASE; 1. PE 1: Evidence at protein level; KW 3D-structure; Carbohydrate metabolism; Direct protein sequencing; KW Glucose metabolism; NAD; NADP; Oxidoreductase. FT INIT_MET 1 FT /note="Removed" FT CHAIN 2..486 FT /note="Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase" FT /id="PRO_0000068125" FT ACT_SITE 241 FT /note="Proton acceptor" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00966, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:9485426" FT BINDING 13..20 FT /ligand="NADP(+)" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:58349" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00966, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:11106478, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11320304, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:9485426" FT BINDING 47 FT /ligand="NADP(+)" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:58349" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00966, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:11106478, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11320304, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:9485426" FT BINDING 86..87 FT /ligand="NADP(+)" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:58349" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00966, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:11106478, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11320304, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:9485426" FT BINDING 149 FT /ligand="NADP(+)" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:58349" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00966, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:11320304" FT BINDING 179 FT /ligand="substrate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305|PubMed:11106478" FT BINDING 183 FT /ligand="substrate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305|PubMed:11106478" FT BINDING 217 FT /ligand="substrate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305|PubMed:11106478" FT BINDING 236 FT /ligand="substrate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305|PubMed:11106478" FT BINDING 339 FT /ligand="substrate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305|PubMed:11106478" FT BINDING 344 FT /ligand="substrate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305|PubMed:11106478" FT MUTAGEN 15 FT /note="T->A: Decreases catalytic efficiency toward glucose FT 6-phosphate." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:11106479" FT MUTAGEN 15 FT /note="T->S: Decreases catalytic efficiency toward glucose FT 6-phosphate (with NAD)." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:11106479" FT MUTAGEN 22 FT /note="K->E: Almost loss of activity." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:11106479, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:1304341" FT MUTAGEN 22 FT /note="K->Q: Strongly decreases catalytic efficiency toward FT glucose 6-phosphate." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:11106479, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:1304341" FT MUTAGEN 22 FT /note="K->R: Decreases catalytic efficiency toward glucose FT 6-phosphate." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:11106479, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:1304341" FT MUTAGEN 47 FT /note="R->A: Decreases catalytic efficiency toward glucose FT 6-phosphate." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:11106479" FT MUTAGEN 48 FT /note="Q->A,E: Decreases catalytic efficiency toward FT glucose 6-phosphate." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:11106479" FT MUTAGEN 150 FT /note="P->G,V: Strongly decreases catalytic efficiency FT toward glucose 6-phosphate." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:11106479" FT MUTAGEN 178 FT /note="D->N: Strongly decreases catalytic efficiency toward FT glucose 6-phosphate." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9485426" FT MUTAGEN 179 FT /note="H->N: Strongly decreases catalytic efficiency toward FT glucose 6-phosphate." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9485426" FT MUTAGEN 180 FT /note="Y->F: Decreases catalytic efficiency toward glucose FT 6-phosphate." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:11106479" FT MUTAGEN 183 FT /note="K->Q,R: Strongly decreases catalytic efficiency FT toward glucose 6-phosphate." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:11106479" FT MUTAGEN 241 FT /note="H->N: Strongly decreases catalytic efficiency toward FT glucose 6-phosphate." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9485426" FT MUTAGEN 344 FT /note="K->Q,R: Strongly decreases catalytic efficiency FT toward glucose 6-phosphate." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:11106479" FT MUTAGEN 375 FT /note="D->Q: Strongly decreases catalytic efficiency toward FT glucose 6-phosphate." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:11106479" FT MUTAGEN 416 FT /note="Y->F: Decreases catalytic efficiency toward glucose FT 6-phosphate." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:11106479" FT CONFLICT 154..156 FT /note="SYD -> HYI (in Ref. 2; AA sequence)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 165 FT /note="L -> F (in Ref. 2; AA sequence)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT STRAND 7..12 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT TURN 13..15 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT HELIX 17..21 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT HELIX 23..32 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT STRAND 38..48 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT HELIX 52..63 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT HELIX 64..66 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT HELIX 70..77 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT STRAND 80..84 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT HELIX 92..106 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT STRAND 113..117 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT HELIX 121..123 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT HELIX 124..133 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT STRAND 139..141 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT STRAND 143..147 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT HELIX 155..165 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT TURN 166..168 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT HELIX 171..173 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT STRAND 174..176 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT HELIX 179..182 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT HELIX 184..188 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT HELIX 189..194 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT HELIX 197..200 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT TURN 205..207 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT STRAND 208..216 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT HELIX 222..224 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1H9A" FT HELIX 225..236 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT TURN 237..240 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT HELIX 241..250 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT STRAND 255..258 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT HELIX 259..270 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT HELIX 278..284 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT STRAND 285..290 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT STRAND 294..298 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1H9A" FT HELIX 301..303 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT STRAND 315..321 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT HELIX 326..328 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT STRAND 333..343 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT STRAND 345..352 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT STRAND 361..363 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT STRAND 369..377 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT STRAND 379..387 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT STRAND 389..392 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT STRAND 395..403 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT HELIX 406..411 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT HELIX 415..425 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT HELIX 428..430 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1H94" FT HELIX 434..452 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT STRAND 459..461 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT STRAND 465..467 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT HELIX 469..476 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" FT TURN 477..479 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1DPG" SQ SEQUENCE 486 AA; 54441 MW; AA43433F83ED091D CRC64; MVSEIKTLVT FFGGTGDLAK RKLYPSVFNL YKKGYLQKHF AIVGTARQAL NDDEFKQLVR DSIKDFTDDQ AQAEAFIEHF SYRAHDVTDA ASYAVLKEAI EEAADKFDID GNRIFYMSVA PRFFGTIAKY LKSEGLLADT GYNRLMIEKP FGTSYDTAAE LQNDLENAFD DNQLFRIDHY LGKEMVQNIA ALRFGNPIFD AAWNKDYIKN VQVTLSEVLG VEERAGYYDT AGALLDMIQN HTMQIVGWLA MEKPESFTDK DIRAAKNAAF NALKIYDEAE VNKYFVRAQY GAGDSADFKP YLEELDVPAD SKNNTFIAGE LQFDLPRWEG VPFYVRSGKR LAAKQTRVDI VFKAGTFNFG SEQEAQEAVL SIIIDPKGAI ELKLNAKSVE DAFNTRTIDL GWTVSDEDKK NTPEPYERMI HDTMNGDGSN FADWNGVSIA WKFVDAISAV YTADKAPLET YKSGSMGPEA SDKLLAANGD AWVFKG //