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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry O15169


[Entry info] [Name and origin] [References] [Comments] [Cross-references] [Keywords] [Features] [Sequence] [Tools]

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Entry information
Entry name AXN1_HUMAN
Primary accession number O15169
Secondary accession numbers Q4TT26 Q4TT27 Q86YA7 Q8WVW6 Q96S28
Integrated into Swiss-Prot on December 1, 2000
Sequence was last modified on May 10, 2002 (Sequence version 2)
Annotations were last modified on    June 16, 2009 (Entry version 105)
Name and origin of the protein
Protein name Axin-1
Synonyms Axis inhibition protein 1
hAxin
Gene name
Name: AXIN1
Synonyms: AXIN
From
Homo sapiens (Human) [TaxID: 9606] 
Taxonomy Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
Protein existence 1: Evidence at protein level;
References
[1]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
DOI=10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80324-4; PubMed=9230313 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Zeng L., Fagotto F., Zhang T., Hsu W., Vasicek T.J., Perry W.L. III, Lee J.J., Tilghman S.M., Gumbiner B.M., Costantini F.;
"The mouse Fused locus encodes Axin, an inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway that regulates embryonic axis formation.";
Cell 90:181-192(1997).
[2]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
DOI=10.1093/hmg/10.4.339; PubMed=11157797 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Daniels R.J., Peden J.F., Lloyd C., Horsley S.W., Clark K., Tufarelli C., Kearney L., Buckle V.J., Doggett N.A., Flint J., Higgs D.R.;
"Sequence, structure and pathology of the fully annotated terminal 2 Mb of the short arm of human chromosome 16.";
Hum. Mol. Genet. 10:339-352(2001).
[3]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
DOI=10.1038/nature03187; PubMed=15616553 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Martin J., Han C., Gordon L.A., Terry A., Prabhakar S., She X., Xie G., Hellsten U., Chan Y.M., Altherr M., Couronne O., Aerts A., Bajorek E., Black S., Blumer H., Branscomb E., Brown N.C., Bruno W.J., Buckingham J.M., Callen D.F., Campbell C.S., Campbell M.L., Campbell E.W., Caoile C., Challacombe J.F., Chasteen L.A., Chertkov O., Chi H.C., Christensen M., Clark L.M., Cohn J.D., Denys M., Detter J.C., Dickson M., Dimitrijevic-Bussod M., Escobar J., Fawcett J.J., Flowers D., Fotopulos D., Glavina T., Gomez M., Gonzales E., Goodstein D., Goodwin L.A., Grady D.L., Grigoriev I., Groza M., Hammon N., Hawkins T., Haydu L., Hildebrand C.E., Huang W., Israni S., Jett J., Jewett P.B., Kadner K., Kimball H., Kobayashi A., Krawczyk M.-C., Leyba T., Longmire J.L., Lopez F., Lou Y., Lowry S., Ludeman T., Manohar C.F., Mark G.A., McMurray K.L., Meincke L.J., Morgan J., Moyzis R.K., Mundt M.O., Munk A.C., Nandkeshwar R.D., Pitluck S., Pollard M., Predki P., Parson-Quintana B., Ramirez L., Rash S., Retterer J., Ricke D.O., Robinson D.L., Rodriguez A., Salamov A., Saunders E.H., Scott D., Shough T., Stallings R.L., Stalvey M., Sutherland R.D., Tapia R., Tesmer J.G., Thayer N., Thompson L.S., Tice H., Torney D.C., Tran-Gyamfi M., Tsai M., Ulanovsky L.E., Ustaszewska A., Vo N., White P.S., Williams A.L., Wills P.L., Wu J.-R., Wu K., Yang J., DeJong P., Bruce D., Doggett N.A., Deaven L., Schmutz J., Grimwood J., Richardson P., Rokhsar D.S., Eichler E.E., Gilna P., Lucas S.M., Myers R.M., Rubin E.M., Pennacchio L.A.;
"The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16.";
Nature 432:988-994(2004).
[4]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 2), AND NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] OF 471-862 (ISOFORM 1).
TISSUE=Lymphoma, and Renal cell carcinoma;
DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504; PubMed=15489334 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
The MGC Project Team;
"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).";
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004).
[5]
INTERACTION WITH MDFI AND MDFIC.
DOI=10.1128/MCB.22.18.6393-6405.2002; PubMed=12192039 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Kusano S., Raab-Traub N.;
"I-mfa domain proteins interact with Axin and affect its regulation of the Wnt and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathways.";
Mol. Cell. Biol. 22:6393-6405(2002).
[6]
INTERACTION WITH DIXDC1; MAP3K1 AND MAP3K4.
DOI=10.1074/jbc.M404598200; PubMed=15262978 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Wong C.K., Luo W., Deng Y., Zou H., Ye Z., Lin S.-C.;
"The DIX domain protein coiled-coil-DIX1 inhibits c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation by Axin and dishevelled through distinct mechanisms.";
J. Biol. Chem. 279:39366-39373(2004).
[7]
INTERACTION WITH SMAD6; SMAD7 AND RNF111, FUNCTION, AND SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
DOI=10.1038/sj.emboj.7601057; PubMed=16601693 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Liu W., Rui H., Wang J., Lin S., He Y., Chen M., Li Q., Ye Z., Zhang S., Chan S.C., Chen Y.-G., Han J., Lin S.-C.;
"Axin is a scaffold protein in TGF-beta signaling that promotes degradation of Smad7 by Arkadia.";
EMBO J. 25:1646-1658(2006).
[8]
X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.9 ANGSTROMS) OF 80-211 IN COMPLEX WITH APC.
DOI=10.1093/emboj/19.10.2270; PubMed=10811618 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Spink K.E., Polakis P., Weis W.I.;
"Structural basis of the axin-adenomatous polyposis coli interaction.";
EMBO J. 19:2270-2279(2000).
[9]
DISEASE.
DOI=10.1038/73448; PubMed=10700176 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Satoh S., Daigo Y., Furukawa Y., Kato T., Miwa N., Nishiwaki T., Kawasoe T., Ishiguro H., Fujita M., Tokino T., Sasaki Y., Imaoka S., Murata M., Shimano T., Yamaoka Y., Nakamura Y.;
"AXIN1 mutations in hepatocellular carcinomas, and growth suppression in cancer cells by virus-mediated transfer of AXIN1.";
Nat. Genet. 24:245-250(2000).
[10]
VARIANTS HCC ARG-106; LEU-345; SER-425 AND SER-650, AND VARIANT HEPATOBLASTOMA GLN-841.
DOI=10.1038/sj.onc.1205591; PubMed=12101426 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Taniguchi K., Roberts L.R., Aderca I.N., Dong X., Qian C., Murphy L.M., Nagorney D.M., Burgart L.J., Roche P.C., Smith D.I., Ross J.A., Liu W.;
"Mutational spectrum of beta-catenin, AXIN1, and AXIN2 in hepatocellular carcinomas and hepatoblastomas.";
Oncogene 21:4863-4871(2002).
[11]
INVOLVEMENT IN CAUDAL DUPLICATION ANOMALY.
DOI=10.1086/505031; PubMed=16773576 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Oates N.A., van Vliet J., Duffy D.L., Kroes H.Y., Martin N.G., Boomsma D.I., Campbell M., Coulthard M.G., Whitelaw E., Chong S.;
"Increased DNA methylation at the AXIN1 gene in a monozygotic twin from a pair discordant for a caudal duplication anomaly.";
Am. J. Hum. Genet. 79:155-162(2006).
Comments
  • FUNCTION: Controls dorsoventral patterning via two opposing effects; down-regulates beta-catenin to inhibit the Wnt signaling pathway and ventralize embryos, but also dorsalizes embryos by activating a Wnt-independent JNK signaling pathway. In Wnt signaling, probably facilitates the phosphorylation of beta-catenin and APC by GSK3B. Likely to function as a tumor suppressor. Facilitates the phosphorylation of TP53 by HIPK2 upon ultraviolet irradiation. Wild-type axin 1 can induce apoptosis in hepatocellular and colorectal cancer cells. Enhances TGF-beta signaling by recruiting the RNF111 E3 ubiquitin ligase and promoting the degradation of inhibitory SMAD7.
  • SUBUNIT: Homodimer (By similarity). Interacts with TP53 and HIPK2. Probably part of a complex consisting of TP53, HIPK2 and AXIN1. Interacts with glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3B) and beta-catenin. The interaction between axin and beta-catenin occurs via the armadillo repeats contained in beta-catenin. Ternary complex. Also binds to plakoglobin (gamma-catenin), APC, DVL and PP2A. Interacts with SMAD6, SMAD7 and RNF111. Interacts with DIXDC1; prevents interaction with MAP3K1. Interacts with MAP3K4, MDFI and MDFIC. Interacts with ANKRD6. Interacts with AIDA.
  • INTERACTION:
    P39687:ANP32A; NbExp=1; IntAct=EBI-710484, EBI-359234;
    Q14194:CRMP1; NbExp=1; IntAct=EBI-710484, EBI-473101;
    Q02248:Ctnnb1 (xeno); NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-710484, EBI-397872;
    P49841:GSK3B; NbExp=1; IntAct=EBI-710484, EBI-373586;
    Q9NRG4:SMYD2; NbExp=1; IntAct=EBI-710484, EBI-1055671;
  • SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm.
  • ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 2 named isoforms [FASTA] produced by alternative splicing.
    Name1
    Isoform IDO15169-1
    This is the isoform sequence displayed in this entry.
    Name2
    Isoform IDO15169-2
    Features which should be applied to build the isoform sequence: VSP_019398.
  • TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Ubiquitously expressed.
  • PTM: Probably phosphorylated by GSK3B and dephosphorylated by PP2A.
  • DISEASE: Defects in AXIN1 are involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [MIM:114550].
  • DISEASE: Hypermethylation of the AXIN1 promoter may be associated with caudal duplication anomaly [MIM:607864]. Caudal duplication anomaly is characterized by the occurrence of duplications of different organs in the caudal region.
  • SIMILARITY: Contains 1 DIX domain.
  • SIMILARITY: Contains 1 RGS domain.
Copyright
Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see http://www.uniprot.org/terms. Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License.
Cross-references
Sequence databases
EMBL
AF009674; AAC51624.1; ALT_INIT; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AE006463; AAK61224.1; -; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
Z69667; CAI95589.2; -; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AC005202; CAI95589.2; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
Z99754; CAI95589.2; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
Z69667; CAI95590.2; -; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AC005202; CAI95590.2; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
Z99754; CAI95590.2; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
Z99754; CAI95600.2; -; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AC005202; CAI95600.2; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
Z69667; CAI95600.2; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
Z99754; CAI95601.2; -; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AC005202; CAI95601.2; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
Z69667; CAI95601.2; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
BC017447; AAH17447.1; -; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
BC044648; AAH44648.1; -; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
IPI IPI00747002; -.
IPI00748214; -.
RefSeq NP_003493.1; -.
NP_851393.1; -.
UniGene Hs.592082
3D structure databases
PDB
1DK8; X-ray; 1.57 A; A=74-220.[ExPASy / RCSB / EBI]
1EMU; X-ray; 1.90 A; A=80-211.[ExPASy / RCSB / EBI]
Detailed list of linked structures.
PDBsum 1DK8; -.
1EMU; -.
SMR O15169; 779-862.
ModBase O15169.
Protein-protein interaction databases
IntAct O15169; 9.
PTM databases
PhosphoSite O15169; -.
Enzyme and pathway databases
Pathway_Interaction_DB wnt_canonical_pathway; Canonical Wnt signaling pathway.
ps1pathway; Presenilin action in Notch and Wnt signaling.
tgfbrpathway; TGF-beta receptor signaling.
Reactome REACT_11045; Signaling by Wnt.
Organism-specific databases
GeneCards GC16M000277; -.
HGNC HGNC:903; AXIN1.
GenAtlas AXIN1.
HPA CAB012987; -.
MIM 114550; phenotype. [NCBI / EBI]
603816; gene. [NCBI / EBI]
607864; phenotype. [NCBI / EBI]
Orphanet 1756; Caudal duplication.
PharmGKB PA25195; -.
Gene expression databases
Bgee O15169; -.
CleanEx HS_AXIN1; -.
GermOnline ENSG00000103126; Homo sapiens.
Ontologies
GO
GO:0030877; Cellular component: beta-catenin destruction complex (inferred from direct assay from UniProtKB).
GO:0031410; Cellular component: cytoplasmic vesicle (inferred from sequence or structural similarity from UniProtKB).
GO:0005829; Cellular component: cytosol (inferred from experiment from Reactome).
GO:0016328; Cellular component: lateral plasma membrane (inferred from direct assay from MGI).
GO:0005634; Cellular component: nucleus (inferred from direct assay from MGI).
GO:0070016; Molecular function: armadillo repeat domain binding (inferred from sequence or structural similarity from UniProtKB).
GO:0008013; Molecular function: beta-catenin binding (inferred from physical interaction from UniProtKB).
GO:0070411; Molecular function: I-SMAD binding (inferred from physical interaction from UniProtKB).
GO:0042301; Molecular function: phosphate binding (inferred from sequence or structural similarity from UniProtKB).
GO:0042803; Molecular function: protein homodimerization activity (inferred from sequence or structural similarity from UniProtKB).
GO:0004871; Molecular function: signal transducer activity (non-traceable author statement from UniProtKB).
GO:0006915; Biological process: apoptosis (inferred from electronic annotation from UniProtKB-KW).
GO:0007049; Biological process: cell cycle (inferred from electronic annotation from UniProtKB-KW).
GO:0045786; Biological process: negative regulation of cell cycle (inferred from electronic annotation from UniProtKB-KW).
GO:0030178; Biological process: negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway (inferred from direct assay from UniProtKB).
GO:0007309; Biological process: oocyte axis specification (traceable author statement from UniProtKB).
GO:0046330; Biological process: positive regulation of JNK cascade (inferred from sequence or structural similarity from UniProtKB).
GO:0033138; Biological process: positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation (inferred from direct assay from UniProtKB).
GO:0010800; Biological process: positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation (inferred from direct assay from UniProtKB).
GO:0031398; Biological process: positive regulation of protein ubiquitination (inferred from direct assay from UniProtKB).
GO:0060070; Biological process: Wnt receptor signaling pathway through beta-catenin (inferred by curator from UniProtKB).
QuickGo view.
Family and domain databases
InterPro IPR014936; Axin_b-cat_bd.
IPR001158; DIX.
IPR000342; Regulat_G_prot_signal.
Graphical view of domain structure.
Pfam PF08833; Axin_b-cat_bind; 1.
PF00778; DIX; 1.
PF00615; RGS; 1.
Pfam graphical view of domain structure.
PRINTS PR01301; RGSPROTEIN.
ProDom PD003639; DIX; 1.
PD001580; Regl_Gprotein; 1.
[Domain structure / List of seq. sharing at least 1 domain]
SMART SM00021; DAX; 1.
SM00315; RGS; 1.
SMART graphical view of domain structure.
PROSITE PS50841; DIX; 1.
PS50132; RGS; 1.
PROSITE graphical view of domain structure (profiles).
Proteomic databases
PRIDE O15169; -.
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl ENSG00000103126; Homo sapiens. [Contig view]
GeneID 8312; -.
KEGG hsa:8312; -.
Phylogenomic databases
HOGENOM O15169; -.
HOVERGEN O15169; -.
OMA O15169; PGHRSPD.
Other
NextBio 31127; -.
SOURCE AXIN1; Homo sapiens.
ProtoNet O15169.
UniRef View cluster of proteins with at least 50% / 90% / 100% identity.
Keywords
3D-structure; Alternative splicing; Anti-oncogene; Apoptosis; Cell cycle; Cytoplasm; Developmental protein; Disease mutation; Phosphoprotein; Wnt signaling pathway.
Features
SEVIEWER logo Feature table viewer FT aligner logo Feature aligner
KeyFrom   To Length Description FTId
CHAIN   1   862  862     Axin-1. PRO_0000220888
DOMAIN   88   211  124     RGS. 
DOMAIN   780   862  83     DIX. 
REGION   209   338  130     Interaction with TP53 (By similarity). 
REGION   348   433  86     Interaction with GSK3B (By similarity). 
REGION   434   502  69     Interaction with beta-catenin (By similarity). 
REGION   507   757  251     Interaction with RNF111. 
REGION   677   752  76     Interaction with HIPK2 (By similarity). 
VAR_SEQ   730   765        Missing (in isoform 2). VSP_019398
VARIANT   106   106  1     L -> R (in HCC). VAR_015589 [3D]
VARIANT   345   345  1     P -> L (in HCC). VAR_015590 
VARIANT   425   425  1     G -> S (in HCC). VAR_015591 
VARIANT   650   650  1     G -> S (in HCC and in hepatoblastoma). VAR_015592 
VARIANT   841   841  1     R -> Q (in hepatoblastoma). VAR_015593 
CONFLICT   360   360        V -> A (in Ref. 1; AAC51624). 
CONFLICT   451   455        CVDMG -> LCWTWA (in Ref. 1; AAC51624). 
CONFLICT   482   482        P -> T (in Ref. 1; AAC51624). 
HELIX   81    87  7      
HELIX   89    92  4      
HELIX   96   107  12      
TURN   108   110  3      
HELIX   112   126  15      
HELIX   134   148  15      
HELIX   155   159  5      
HELIX   162   174  13      
TURN   179   182  4      
HELIX   183   195  13      
HELIX   197   201  5      
HELIX   205   208  4      
TURN   209   212  4      
Sequence information
Length: 862 AA [This is the length of the unprocessed precursor] Molecular weight: 95635 Da [This is the MW of the unprocessed precursor] CRC64: 10779173F5092F3F [This is a checksum on the sequence]
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MNIQEQGFPL DLGASFTEDA PRPPVPGEEG ELVSTDPRPA SYSFCSGKGV GIKGETSTAT 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
PRRSDLDLGY EPEGSASPTP PYLKWAESLH SLLDDQDGIS LFRTFLKQEG CADLLDFWFA 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
CTGFRKLEPC DSNEEKRLKL ARAIYRKYIL DNNGIVSRQT KPATKSFIKG CIMKQLIDPA 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
MFDQAQTEIQ ATMEENTYPS FLKSDIYLEY TRTGSESPKV CSDQSSGSGT GKGISGYLPT 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
LNEDEEWKCD QDMDEDDGRD AAPPGRLPQK LLLETAAPRV SSSRRYSEGR EFRYGSWREP 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
VNPYYVNAGY ALAPATSAND SEQQSLSSDA DTLSLTDSSV DGIPPYRIRK QHRREMQESV 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
QVNGRVPLPH IPRTYRVPKE VRVEPQKFAE ELIHRLEAVQ RTREAEEKLE ERLKRVRMEE 

       430        440        450        460        470        480 
EGEDGDPSSG PPGPCHKLPP APAWHHFPPR CVDMGCAGLR DAHEENPESI LDEHVQRVLR 

       490        500        510        520        530        540 
TPGRQSPGPG HRSPDSGHVA KMPVALGGAA SGHGKHVPKS GAKLDAAGLH HHRHVHHHVH 

       550        560        570        580        590        600 
HSTARPKEQV EAEATRRAQS SFAWGLEPHS HGARSRGYSE SVGAAPNASD GLAHSGKVGV 

       610        620        630        640        650        660 
ACKRNAKKAE SGKSASTEVP GASEDAEKNQ KIMQWIIEGE KEISRHRRTG HGSSGTRKPQ 

       670        680        690        700        710        720 
PHENSRPLSL EHPWAGPQLR TSVQPSHLFI QDPTMPPHPA PNPLTQLEEA RRRLEEEEKR 

       730        740        750        760        770        780 
ASRAPSKQRY VQEVMRRGRA CVRPACAPVL HVVPAVSDME LSETETRSQR KVGGGSAQPC 

       790        800        810        820        830        840 
DSIVVAYYFC GEPIPYRTLV RGRAVTLGQF KELLTKKGSY RYYFKKVSDE FDCGVVFEEV 

       850        860 
REDEAVLPVF EEKIIGKVEK VD 

O15169 in FASTA format

View entry in raw text format (no links)
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