Species code:	SHISS
Taxonomy:	Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacteriales; Enterobacteriaceae; Shigella (TaxID: 300269) [NEWT/ NCBI]
Description:	Shigella is a Gram-negative, non-sporulating, facultative anaerobe bacterium that causes dysentery or shigellosis in man. Shigella are highly invasive in the colon and the rectum, and are able to proliferate in the host cell cytoplasm, triggering an inflammatory reaction. Shigella was recognized as the etiologic agent for bacillary dysentery in the 1890's, and adopted as a genus in the 1950's and subgrouped into four species. However, a recent genetic study argues that Shigella emerged from multiple independent origins of E.coli 35'000-270'000 years ago and may not constitute a genus. Comparison of 20 E.coli/Shigella strains shows the core genome to be about 2000 genes while the pan-genome has over 18,000 genes. There are multiple, striking integration hotspots that are conserved across the genomes, corresponding to regions of abundant and parallel insertions and deletions of genetic material. Shigella sonnei is largely associated with epidemic episodes in industrialized nations. Shigella sonnei (strain Ss046) was isolated from epidemics in China during the 1950's. The Shigella pathogenicity island SHI-1 is absent from the strain Ss046 but SHI-2 is present but unlinked with the selC gene. It has lost flagellar function due to muations in several different genes. It possesses remnants of the Stx-phage phi P27.
Properties:	Presence of flagella: No Interaction: Animal pathogen in Mammalia Number of membranes: 2 Number of inteins:0
Statistics:	Number of SHISS entries in the UniProt Knowledgebase: 4053 (851 in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot + 3202 in UniProtKB/TrEMBL)

Genome structure:	• Chromosome EMBL accession number CP000038 (circular; 4,825,265 bp) (download entry) (download Genome Reviews). • Plasmid pSS_046 EMBL accession number CP000039 (circular; 214,396 bp) (download entry) (download Genome Reviews).
Reference(s):	[1] PubMed=16275786; [ NCBI , EBI , Israel , Japan ] Yang F., Yang J., Zhang X., Chen L., Jiang Y., Yan Y., Tang X., Wang J., Xiong Z., Dong J., Xue Y., Zhu Y., Xu X., Sun L., Chen S., Nie H., Peng J., Xu J., Wang Y., Yuan Z., Wen Y., Yao Z., Shen Y., Qiang B., Hou Y., Yu J., Jin Q. ; "Genome dynamics and diversity of Shigella species, the etiologic agents of bacillary dysentery."; Nucleic Acids Res. 33:6445-6458(2005). [2] PubMed=16122562; [ NCBI , EBI , Israel , Japan ] Jiang Y., Yang F., Zhang X., Yang J., Chen L., Yan Y., Nie H., Xiong Z., Wang J., Dong J., Xue Y., Xu X., Zhu Y., Chen S., Jin Q. ; "The complete sequence and analysis of the large virulence plasmid pSS of Shigella sonnei."; Plasmid 54:149-159(2005).
Web links:	Official genome site(s): http://www.mgc.ac.cn/ShiBASE/circular_Ss046.htm Other web sites: CBS: http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/GenomeAtlas/show-genus.php?kingdom=Bacteria&GLgenus=Shigella&GLspecies=sonnei&GLstrain=Ss046 Entrez Genome Project: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=genomeprj&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=txid300269%5Borgn%5D ERIC: http://www.ericbrc.org/portal/eric/shigellasonnei046 GIB (DDBJ): http://gib.genes.nig.ac.jp/single/index.php?spid=Sson_SS046 PEDANT: http://pedant.gsf.de:3345/pedant3htmlview/pedant3view?Method=start_method&Db=p3_p13151_Shi_sonne  EBI Proteome Analysis page

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