Species code:	SHIF8
Taxonomy:	Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacteriales; Enterobacteriaceae; Shigella (TaxID: 373384) [NEWT/ NCBI]
Description:	Shigella is a Gram-negative, non-sporulating, facultative anaerobe bacterium that causes dysentery or shigellosis in man. Shigella are highly invasive in the colon and the rectum, and are able to proliferate in the host cell cytoplasm, triggering an inflammatory reaction. Shigella was recognized as the etiologic agent for bacillary dysentery in the 1890's, and adopted as a genus in the 1950's and subgrouped into four species. However, a recent genetic study argues that Shigella emerged from multiple independent origins of E.coli 35'000-270'000 years ago and may not constitute a genus. Comparison of 20 E.coli/Shigella strains shows the core genome to be about 2000 genes while the pan-genome has over 18,000 genes. There are multiple, striking integration hotspots that are conserved across the genomes, corresponding to regions of abundant and parallel insertions and deletions of genetic material. Shigella flexneri serotype 5b (strain 8401) has been isolated from an epidemic in China. Its genome is slightly smaller than that of Shigella flexneri strain 301 / Serotype 2a mainly because it lacks the SHI-I pathogenicity island.
Properties:	Presence of flagella: Yes Interaction: Animal pathogen in Mammalia Number of membranes: 2 Number of inteins:0
Statistics:	Number of SHIF8 entries in the UniProt Knowledgebase: 3867 (732 in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot + 3135 in UniProtKB/TrEMBL)

Genome structure:	Chromosome EMBL accession number CP000266 (circular; 4,574,284 bp) (download entry) (download Genome Reviews).
Reference(s):	[1] PubMed=16822325; [ NCBI , EBI , Israel , Japan ] Nie H., Yang F., Zhang X., Yang J., Chen L., Wang J., Xiong Z., Peng J., Sun L., Dong J., Xue Y., Xu X., Chen S., Yao Z., Shen Y., Jin Q. ; "Complete genome sequence of Shigella flexneri 5b and comparison with Shigella flexneri 2a."; BMC Genomics 7:173-173(2006).
Web links:	Entrez Genome Project: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=genomeprj&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=txid373384%5Borgn%5D ERIC: http://www.ericbrc.org/portal/eric/shigellaflexneri8401 GIB (DDBJ): http://gib.genes.nig.ac.jp/single/index.php?spid=Sfle_58401 PEDANT: http://pedant.gsf.de:3345/pedant3htmlview/pedant3view?Method=start_method&Db=p3_p16375_Shi_flexn  EBI Proteome Analysis page

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