Species code:	RHOS5
Taxonomy:	Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Alphaproteobacteria; Rhodobacterales; Rhodobacteraceae; Rhodobacter (TaxID: 349102) [NEWT/ NCBI]
Description:	Rhodobacter sphaeroides ATCC 17025 is purple nonsufur phototrophic bacterium able to grow under a wide variety of conditions. It is photosynthetic, which provides fundamental insights into light-driven, renewable-energy production and it can also detoxify metal oxides, which may be useful in bioremediation. Each of the three sequenced R.sphaeroides strains (2.4.1, ATCC 17025 and ATCC 17029) has a large ~3.0 Mb chromosome and a small ~0.9 - 1.2 Mb chromosome in addition to differing numbers of plasmids. Comparative optical mapping studies have shown that in terms of size and physical map structure, the large chromosome in these strains is relatively stable, whereas the smaller chromosomes are much more variable. Comparing these genomes will help determine what factors lead to chromosome and genome stability/instability, giving a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in genome evolution and speciation. Examining the genomes R.sphaeroides will also lead to a greater understanding of the structural and functional aspects of the light reactions of photosynthesis, mechanisms of CO2 fixation, nitrogen fixation, cytochrome diversity and electron transport systems. In addition, R. sphaeroides has been shown to be able to detoxify a number of metal oxides and oxyanions and is the subject of ongoing studies in this area. Additional investigations over many years have led to increased knowledge of tetrapyrrole and carotenoid biosynthesis, which have broad applicability (adapted from http://genome.jgi-psf.org/draft_microbes/rhos5/rhos5.home.html).
Properties:	Presence of flagella: Yes Interaction: No Number of membranes: 2 Number of inteins:0
Statistics:	Number of RHOS5 entries in the UniProt Knowledgebase: 4208 (256 in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot + 3952 in UniProtKB/TrEMBL)

Genome structure:	• Chromosome EMBL accession number CP000661 (circular; 3,217,726 bp) (download entry) (download Genome Reviews). • Plasmid pRSPA01 EMBL accession number CP000662 (circular; 877,879 bp) (download entry) (download Genome Reviews). • Plasmid pRSPA02 EMBL accession number CP000663 (circular; 289,489 bp) (download entry) (download Genome Reviews). • Plasmid pRSPA03 EMBL accession number CP000664 (circular; 121,962 bp) (download entry) (download Genome Reviews). • Plasmid pRSPA04 EMBL accession number CP000665 (circular; 36,198 bp) (download entry) (download Genome Reviews). • Plasmid pRSPA05 EMBL accession number CP000666 (circular; 13,873 bp) (download entry) (download Genome Reviews).
Reference(s):	[1] Copeland A., Lucas S., Lapidus A., Barry K., Detter J.C., Glavina del Rio T., Hammon N., Israni S., Dalin E., Tice H., Pitluck S., Chertkov O., Brettin T., Bruce D., Han C., Schmutz J., Larimer F., Land M., Hauser L., Kyrpides N., Kim E., Richardson P., Mackenzie C., Choudhary M., Donohue T.J., Kaplan S. ; "Complete sequence of chromosome of Rhodobacter sphaeroides ATCC 17025."; Submitted (APR-2007) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. [2] Copeland A., Lucas S., Lapidus A., Barry K., Detter J.C., Glavina del Rio T., Hammon N., Israni S., Dalin E., Tice H., Pitluck S., Chertkov O., Brettin T., Bruce D., Han C., Schmutz J., Larimer F., Land M., Hauser L., Kyrpides N., Kim E., Richardson P., Mackenzie C., Choudhary M., Donohue T.J., Kaplan S. ; "Complete sequence of plasmid pRSPA01 of Rhodobacter sphaeroides ATCC 17025."; Submitted (APR-2007) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. [3] Copeland A., Lucas S., Lapidus A., Barry K., Detter J.C., Glavina del Rio T., Hammon N., Israni S., Dalin E., Tice H., Pitluck S., Chertkov O., Brettin T., Bruce D., Han C., Schmutz J., Larimer F., Land M., Hauser L., Kyrpides N., Kim E., Richardson P., Mackenzie C., Choudhary M., Donohue T.J., Kaplan S. ; "Complete sequence of plasmid pRSPA02 of Rhodobacter sphaeroides ATCC 17025."; Submitted (APR-2007) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. [4] Copeland A., Lucas S., Lapidus A., Barry K., Detter J.C., Glavina del Rio T., Hammon N., Israni S., Dalin E., Tice H., Pitluck S., Chertkov O., Brettin T., Bruce D., Han C., Schmutz J., Larimer F., Land M., Hauser L., Kyrpides N., Kim E., Richardson P., Mackenzie C., Choudhary M., Donohue T.J., Kaplan S. ; "Complete sequence of plasmid pRSPA03 of Rhodobacter sphaeroides ATCC 17025."; Submitted (APR-2007) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. [5] Copeland A., Lucas S., Lapidus A., Barry K., Detter J.C., Glavina del Rio T., Hammon N., Israni S., Dalin E., Tice H., Pitluck S., Chertkov O., Brettin T., Bruce D., Han C., Schmutz J., Larimer F., Land M., Hauser L., Kyrpides N., Kim E., Richardson P., Mackenzie C., Choudhary M., Donohue T.J., Kaplan S. ; "Complete sequence of plasmid pRSPA04 of Rhodobacter sphaeroides ATCC 17025."; Submitted (APR-2007) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. [6] Copeland A., Lucas S., Lapidus A., Barry K., Detter J.C., Glavina del Rio T., Hammon N., Israni S., Dalin E., Tice H., Pitluck S., Chertkov O., Brettin T., Bruce D., Han C., Schmutz J., Larimer F., Land M., Hauser L., Kyrpides N., Kim E., Richardson P., Mackenzie C., Choudhary M., Donohue T.J., Kaplan S. ; "Complete sequence of plasmid pRSPA05 of Rhodobacter sphaeroides ATCC 17025."; Submitted (APR-2007) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
Web links:	Entrez Genome Project: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=genomeprj&cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=15755 GIB (DDBJ): http://gib.genes.nig.ac.jp/single/index.php?spid=Rsph_ATCC17025  EBI Proteome Analysis page

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