Species code:	NOCSJ
Taxonomy:	Bacteria; Actinobacteria; Actinobacteridae; Actinomycetales; Propionibacterineae; Nocardioidaceae; Nocardioides (TaxID: 196162) [NEWT/ NCBI]
Description:	Nocardioides sp. (strain BAA-499 / JS614) is an aerobic mesophillic Gram-positive bacterium phylogenetically associated with the Actinobacteria. This bacterium grows quickly and efficiently on media containing vinyl chloride (VC) and ethane (ETH). VC in groundwater is often produced as a result of incomplete reductive dechlorination. It tends to accumulate and persist in anaerobic groundwater zones but has been shown to degrade readily if the VC plume migrates in aerobic groundwater zones. Several strains of VC-assimilating bacteria, including strain JS614, have recently been isolated, indicating that these organisms may participate in natural attenuation of VC at certain sites. Strain JS614 is unique among growth-coupled VC-degraders. All other known aerobic VC-assimilating bacteria are either Mycobacteria or Pseudomonads. In addition to its phylogenetic distinction, strain JS614 is unique among VC-assimilating bacteria due to a relatively high VC yield coefficient, high VC utilization rate, and peculiar VC starvation sensitivity. The fact that strain JS614 derives approximately 60-76% more energy from VC and ETH than other VC degraders implies that the pathway of VC-assimilation in strain JS614 may be different than in all other known VC-assimilating bacteria. VC-grown JS614 cultures starved of VC for longer than one day do not degrade VC for at least 40 days after refeeding. This suggests that regulation and maintenance of the VC pathway in strain JS614 is significantly different than in mycobacterial or pseudomonad VC degraders and may indicate the energy dependent detoxification of a potentially toxic VC metabolic intermediate. The monooxygenase system appears to play a major role in the VC starvation response and not the epoxide transformation system, as was previously speculated. JS614 harbors a large plasmid that encodes VC/ETH pathway genes. PCR experiments using primers specific for putative JS614 monooxygenase and epoxide transforming genes indicate that these genes are located on the large plasmid.
Properties:	Presence of flagella: Yes Interaction: No Number of membranes: 1 Number of inteins: 1
Statistics:	Number of NOCSJ entries in the UniProt Knowledgebase: 4888 (210 in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot + 4678 in UniProtKB/TrEMBL)

Genome structure:	• Plasmid pNOCA01 EMBL accession number CP000508 (circular; 307,814 bp) (download entry) (download Genome Reviews). • Chromosome EMBL accession number CP000509 (circular; 4,985,871 bp) (download entry) (download Genome Reviews).
Reference(s):	[1] Copeland A., Lucas S., Lapidus A., Barry K., Detter J.C., Glavina del Rio T., Hammon N., Israni S., Dalin E., Tice H., Pitluck S., Thompson L.S., Brettin T., Bruce D., Han C., Tapia R., Schmutz J., Larimer F., Land M., Hauser L., Kyrpides N., Kim E., Mattes T., Gossett J., Richardson P. ; "Complete sequence of plasmid pNOCA01 of Nocardioides sp. JS614."; Submitted (DEC-2006) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. [2] Copeland A., Lucas S., Lapidus A., Barry K., Detter J.C., Glavina del Rio T., Hammon N., Israni S., Dalin E., Tice H., Pitluck S., Thompson L.S., Brettin T., Bruce D., Han C., Tapia R., Schmutz J., Larimer F., Land M., Hauser L., Kyrpides N., Kim E., Mattes T., Gossett J., Richardson P. ; "Complete sequence of chromosome 1 of Nocardioides sp. JS614."; Submitted (DEC-2006) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
Web links:	Official genome site(s): http://genome.jgi-psf.org/finished_microbes/noc_j/noc_j.home.html Other web sites: Entrez Genome Project: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=genomeprj&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=txid196162%5Borgn%5D Genome Atlas: http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/gwBrowser/project.php?pid=12738 GIB (DDBJ): http://gib.genes.nig.ac.jp/single/index.php?spid=Noca_JS614 PEDANT: http://pedant.gsf.de:3345/pedant3htmlview/pedant3view?Method=start_method&Db=p3_p12738_Noc_JS614  EBI Proteome Analysis page

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