Species code:	HELPH
Taxonomy:	Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Epsilonproteobacteria; Campylobacterales; Helicobacteraceae; Helicobacter (TaxID: 357544) [NEWT/ NCBI]
Description:	Micro-aerophilic, Gram-negative, slow-growing, spiral-shaped and flagellated organism. H.pylori is probably the most common cause of chronic bacterial infection of humans, present in almost half of the world population. The presence of the bacterium in the gastric mucosa is associated with chronic active gastritis and is implicated in more severe gastric diseases, including chronic atrophic gastritis, peptic ulceration and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas. Helicobacter pylori (strain HPAG1) was isolated from an 80 years old woman in a Swedish case-control study of gastric adenocarcinoma. It is a type 1 strain containing the two virulence factors vacA and cagA. Its genome consists of a circular chromosome and a single plasmid. It contains 1536 predicted protein-coding genes, 43 of which are either not detectable or incompletely represented in the 26695 and J99 genomes. It lacks 29 of the 1408 genes present in both 26695 and J99. Nearly all individuals who become infected with Helicobacter pylori develop acute superficial gastritis. A subset progress to chronic atrophic gastritis (ChAG) which is associated with loss of two epithelial lineages in the stomach: the acid-producing parietal cells and pepsinogen-expressing zymogenic cells. Loss of parietal cells provides an opportunity for a H.pylori isolate from a patient with ChAG (HPAG1) to bind, enter and persist within gastric stem cells.
Properties:	Presence of flagella: Yes Interaction: Animal pathogen in Mammalia Number of membranes: 2 Number of inteins:0
Statistics:	Number of HELPH entries in the UniProt Knowledgebase: 1541 (288 in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot + 1253 in UniProtKB/TrEMBL)

Genome structure:	• Chromosome EMBL accession number CP000241 (circular; 1,596,366 bp) (download entry) (download Genome Reviews). • Plasmid pHPAG1 EMBL accession number CP000242 (circular; 9,370 bp) (download entry) (download Genome Reviews).
Reference(s):	[1] PubMed=16788065; [ NCBI , EBI , Israel , Japan ] Oh J.D., Kling-Baeckhed H., Giannakis M., Xu J., Fulton R.S., Fulton L.A., Cordum H.S., Wang C., Elliott G., Edwards J., Mardis E.R., Engstrand L.G., Gordon J.I. ; "The complete genome sequence of a chronic atrophic gastritis Helicobacter pylori strain: evolution during disease progression."; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103:9999-10004(2006).
Web links:	CampyDB: http://xbase.bham.ac.uk/campydb/genome.pl?id=1107 Entrez Genome Project: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=genomeprj&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=txid357544%5Borgn%5D GIB (DDBJ): http://gib.genes.nig.ac.jp/single/index.php?spid=Hpyl_HPAG1 PEDANT: http://pedant.gsf.de:3345/pedant3htmlview/pedant3view?Method=start_method&Db=p3_p16183_Hel_pylor  EBI Proteome Analysis page

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