Species code:	CLOBL
Taxonomy:	Bacteria; Firmicutes; Clostridia; Clostridiales; Clostridiaceae; Clostridium (TaxID: 441772) [NEWT/ NCBI]
Description:	Clostridium botulinum produces botulinum neurotoxin, one of deadliest toxins known. It inhibits acetylcholine release in neuromuscular junctions, causing paralysis by inhibiting muscle contraction. In most cases the affected person dies of asphyxiation or heart failure. Strains of C. botulinum are physiologically heterogeneous, and four distinct phenotypic groups (I to IV) are recognized. These four metabolically distinct groups do not, however, necessarily correlate with the serological specificities of the botulinum neurotoxin produced, which are classified into 7 serotypes, A-F. The type A toxin is used in minute doses to treat both painful muscle spasms and as a cosmetic treatment to temporarily remove frown lines between eyebrows. Strain Langeland is a representative of the Group I (proteolytic) botulinum toxins producing bacteria. Group I strains produce one or two toxins of type A, B or F; strain Langeland produces type F neurotoxin. Food-borne, infant and wound botulism can all be caused by Group I strains. It was identified in 1958 from home-prepared liver paste involved in an outbreak of food-borne botulism on the island of Langeland, Denmark.
Properties:	Presence of flagella: Yes Interaction: Saprophyte; Animal pathogen in Mammalia Number of membranes: 1 Number of inteins:0
Statistics:	Number of CLOBL entries in the UniProt Knowledgebase: 3657 (297 in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot + 3360 in UniProtKB/TrEMBL)

Genome structure:	• Chromosome EMBL accession number CP000728 (circular; 3,995,387 bp) (download entry) (download Genome Reviews). • Plasmid pCLI EMBL accession number CP000729 (circular; 17,531 bp) (download entry) (download Genome Reviews).
Reference(s):	[1] Brinkac L.M., Daugherty S., Dodson R.J., Madupu R., Brown J.L., Bruce D., Detter C., Munk C., Smith L.A., Smith T.J., White O., Brettin T.S. ; Submitted (JUN-2007) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
Web links:	Entrez Genome Project: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=genomeprj&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Overview&list_uids=19519 GIB (DDBJ): http://gib.genes.nig.ac.jp/single/index.php?spid=Cbot_LANGELAND Pathema: http://pathema.jcvi.org/tigr-scripts/Clostridium/shared/GenomePage.cgi?org=bci  EBI Proteome Analysis page

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