Species code:	CHLAA
Taxonomy:	Bacteria; Chloroflexi; Chloroflexales; Chloroflexaceae; Chloroflexus (TaxID: 324602) [NEWT/ NCBI]
Description:	Chloroflexus. aurantiacus is an early branching anoxygenic phototroph found along with several related anoxygenic filamentous phototrophs in the green non-sulfur bacterial (GNSB) branch of the 16S rRNA tree of life. This name is misleading, as not all members are green and some use sulfide. C. aurantiacus has characteristics typical of both the green sulfur bacteria and the purple bacteria. Lateral gene transfer, however, has blurred the evolutionary history of photosynthetic prokaryotes. It is a thermophilic, filamentous gliding phototroph, forming massive accumulations as conspicuous mats in neutral to alkaline hot springs. It is found at higher temperatures than any other anoxygenic phototroph; its optimal growth temperature lies between 50 and 60 degrees C in laboratory cultures. It is typically found as the lower layer of a microbial mat with cyanobacteria growing in layers above it. In springs high in sulfide, however, Chloroflexus may be found alone. Chloroflexus grows primarily as a photoheterotroph and appears to consume the organic products of the autotrophic cyanobacteria in its native habitat. Some strains can grow autotrophically, however, using hydrogen or sulfide as an electron donor. The CO2 fixation mechanism, the 3-hydroxypropionate pathway, is unique among all phototrophs. Cells appear to lack ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase activity. The light-harvesting apparatus consists of chlorosomes appressed to the cell membrane. The chlorosomes are somewhat smaller that those of the green sulfur bacteria. The chlorosomes contain the accessory bacteriochlorophyll c. Light-harvesting complexes containing Bchl a similar to those of the purple bacteria are located in the cell membrane. The pheophytin-quinone type photochemical reaction centers are also similar to those of the purple bacteria. The cells, however, lack internal membranes typical of the purple bacteria (modified from http://genome.jgi-psf.org/finished_microbes/chlau/chlau.home.html).
Properties:	Presence of flagella: No Interaction: No Number of membranes: 1 Number of inteins: 1
Statistics:	Number of CHLAA entries in the UniProt Knowledgebase: 3850 (168 in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot + 3682 in UniProtKB/TrEMBL)

Genome structure	Chromosome EMBL accession number CP000909 (circular; 5,258,541 bp) (download entry) (download Genome Reviews).
References	[1] Copeland A., Lucas S., Lapidus A., Barry K., Glavina del Rio T., Hammon N., Israni S., Dalin E., Tice H., Pitluck S., Chertkov O., Brettin T., Bruce D., Detter J.C., Han C., Schmutz J., Larimer F., Land M., Hauser L., Kyrpides N., Mikhailova N., Pierson B.K., Blankenship R.E., Richardson P. ; "Complete sequence of Chloroflexus aurantiacus J-10-fl."; Submitted (DEC-2007) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
Web links	Official genome site(s): http://genome.jgi-psf.org/finished_microbes/chlau/chlau.home.html Other web sites: Entrez Genome Project: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=genomeprj&cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=59 GIB (DDBJ): http://gib.genes.nig.ac.jp/single/index.php?spid=Caur_J10FL  EBI Proteome Analysis page

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