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| HAMAP: Chloroflexus aurantiacus (strain ATCC 29366 / DSM 635 / J-10-fl) complete proteome |
| Species code: | CHLAA |
| Taxonomy: | Bacteria; Chloroflexi; Chloroflexales; Chloroflexaceae; Chloroflexus (TaxID: 324602) [NEWT/ NCBI] |
| Description: | The phylum Chloroflexi is an early branching anoxygenic phototroph lineage within the Bacteria. Often grouped as the green non-sulfur bacterial (GNSB) branch of the 16S rRNA tree of life, this name is misleading, as not all members are green and some use sulfide. Its members are apparently metabolically diverse and widely distributed in nature. Although these organisms generally stain Gram-negative, a lipopolysaccharide-containing outer membrane is not present and the peptidoglycan is a variant that usually contains L-ornithine as the diamino acid. Most members of the Chloroflexi exhibit gliding motility. Members of the Family Chloroflexaceae are gliding filamentous, anoxygenic phototrophs. The "green" members of this family (Chloroflexus spp., Chloronema spp., Oscillochloris spp., and Chlorothrix spp.) synthesize bacteriochlorophylls a and c and use chlorosomes as their light harvesting antennae, while the "red" members of this family (Heliothrix and Roseiflexus spp.) only synthesize bacteriochlorophyll a and thus lack chlorosomes. The phylum Chloroflexi is heterogeneous with regard to metabolic properties, exhibiting two different pathways for carbon fixation (reductive pentose phosphate (Calvin cycle) and 3-hydroxy-propionate pathways), and their photosynthetic apparatus is a hybrid between that of green sulfur bacteria and purple bacteria. C. aurantiacus has characteristics typical of both the green sulfur bacteria and the purple bacteria. Lateral gene transfer, however, has blurred the evolutionary history of photosynthetic prokaryotes. It is a thermophilic, filamentous gliding phototroph, forming massive accumulations as conspicuous mats in neutral to alkaline hot springs. It is found at higher temperatures than any other anoxygenic phototroph; its optimal growth temperature lies between 50 and 60 degrees C in laboratory cultures. It is typically found as the lower layer of a microbial mat with cyanobacteria growing in layers above it. In springs high in sulfide, however, Chloroflexus may be found alone. Chloroflexus grows primarily as a photoheterotroph and appears to consume the organic products of the autotrophic cyanobacteria in its native habitat. Some strains can grow autotrophically, however, using hydrogen or sulfide as an electron donor. The CO2 fixation mechanism, the 3-hydroxypropionate pathway, is unique among all phototrophs. Cells appear to lack ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase activity. The light-harvesting apparatus consists of chlorosomes appressed to the cell membrane. The chlorosomes are somewhat smaller that those of the green sulfur bacteria. The chlorosomes contain the accessory bacteriochlorophyll c. Light-harvesting complexes containing Bchl a similar to those of the purple bacteria are located in the cell membrane. The pheophytin-quinone type photochemical reaction centers are also similar to those of the purple bacteria. The cells, however, lack internal membranes typical of the purple bacteria (modified from http://genome.jgi-psf.org/finished_microbes/chlau/chlau.home.html). |
| Properties: |
Presence of flagella:
No Interaction: No Number of membranes: 1 Number of inteins: 1 |
| Statistics: | Number of CHLAA entries in the UniProt Knowledgebase: 3850 (205 in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot + 3645 in UniProtKB/TrEMBL) |
| Genome structure: |
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