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PROSITE documentation PDOC00510
Glycosyl hydrolases family 10 (GH10) active site and domain profile


Description

The microbial degradation of cellulose and xylans requires several types of enzymes such as endoglucanases (EC 3.2.1.4), cellobiohydrolases (EC 3.2.1.91) (exoglucanases), or xylanases (EC 3.2.1.8) [1,2]. Fungi and bacteria produces a spectrum of cellulolytic enzymes (cellulases) and xylanases which, on the basis of sequence similarities, can be classified into families. One of these families is known as the cellulase family F [3] or as the glycosyl hydrolases family 10 (GH10) [4,E1,E2]. All family 10 xylanases hydrolyze the glycosidic bond in a double-displacement 'retaining' mechanism using two catalytic acidic residues, where one residue acts a nucleophile (base) and the other acts as a general acid/base [6.7]. The enzymes which are currently known to belong to this family are listed below.

  • Aspergillus awamori xylanase A (xynA).
  • Bacillus sp. strain 125 xylanase (xynA).
  • Bacillus stearothermophilus xylanase.
  • Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens xylanases A (xynA) and B (xynB).
  • Caldocellum saccharolyticum bifunctional endoglucanase/exoglucanase (celB). This protein consists of two domains; it is the N-terminal domain, which has exoglucanase activity, which belongs to this family.
  • Caldocellum saccharolyticum xylanase A (xynA).
  • Caldocellum saccharolyticum ORF4. This hypothetical protein is encoded in the xynABC operon and is probably a xylanase.
  • Cellulomonas fimi exoglucanase/xylanase (cex).
  • Clostridium stercorarium thermostable celloxylanase.
  • Clostridium thermocellum xylanases Y (xynY) and Z (xynZ).
  • Cryptococcus albidus xylanase.
  • Penicillium chrysogenum xylanase (gene xylP).
  • Pseudomonas fluorescens xylanases A (xynA) and B (xynB).
  • Ruminococcus flavefaciens bifunctional xylanase XYLA (xynA). This protein consists of three domains: a N-terminal xylanase catalytic domain that belongs to family 11 of glycosyl hydrolases; a central domain composed of short repeats of Gln, Asn an Trp, and a C-terminal xylanase catalytic domain that belongs to family 10 of glycosyl hydrolases.
  • Streptomyces lividans xylanase A (xlnA).
  • Thermoanaerobacter saccharolyticum endoxylanase A (xynA).
  • Thermoascus aurantiacus xylanase.
  • Thermophilic bacterium Rt8.B4 xylanase (xynA).

The overall structure of the GH10 domain corresponds to an eightfold α/ β-barrel (TIM-barrel) with a typical deep groove in the centre, allowing an 'endo' type of action on the large polysaccharide backbone (see <PDB:1R85>) [6,7].

One of the conserved regions in these enzymes is centered on a conserved glutamic acid residue which has been shown [5], in the exoglucanase from Cellulomonas fimi, to be directly involved in glycosidic bond cleavage by acting as a nucleophile. We have used this region as a signature pattern. We have also developed a profile that covers the entire GH10 domain.

Expert(s) to contact by email:

Henrissat B.

Last update:

June 2015 / Text revised; profile added.

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Technical section

PROSITE methods (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:

GH10_2, PS51760; Glycosyl hydrolases family 10 (GH10) domain profile  (MATRIX)

GH10_1, PS00591; Glycosyl hydrolases family 10 (GH10) active site  (PATTERN)


References

1AuthorsBeguin P.
TitleMolecular biology of cellulose degradation.
SourceAnnu. Rev. Microbiol. 44:219-248(1990).
PubMed ID2252383
DOI10.1146/annurev.mi.44.100190.001251

2AuthorsGilkes N.R. Henrissat B. Kilburn D.G. Miller R.C. Jr. Warren R.A.J.
TitleDomains in microbial beta-1, 4-glycanases: sequence conservation, function, and enzyme families.
SourceMicrobiol. Rev. 55:303-315(1991).
PubMed ID1886523

3AuthorsHenrissat B. Claeyssens M. Tomme P. Lemesle L. Mornon J.-P.
TitleCellulase families revealed by hydrophobic cluster analysis.
SourceGene 81:83-95(1989).
PubMed ID2806912

4AuthorsHenrissat B.
TitleA classification of glycosyl hydrolases based on amino acid sequence similarities.
SourceBiochem. J. 280:309-316(1991).
PubMed ID1747104

5AuthorsTull D. Withers S.G. Gilkes N.R. Kilburn D.G. Warren R.A.J. Aebersold R.
TitleGlutamic acid 274 is the nucleophile in the active site of a 'retaining' exoglucanase from Cellulomonas fimi.
SourceJ. Biol. Chem. 266:15621-15625(1991).
PubMed ID1678739

6AuthorsSolomon V. Teplitsky A. Shulami S. Zolotnitsky G. Shoham Y. Shoham G.
TitleStructure-specificity relationships of an intracellular xylanase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus.
SourceActa Crystallogr. D 63:845-859(2007).
PubMed ID17642511
DOI10.1107/S0907444907024845

7AuthorsHan X. Gao J. Shang N. Huang C.-H. Ko T.-P. Chen C.-C. Chan H.-C. Cheng Y.-S. Zhu Z. Wiegel J. Luo W. Guo R.-T. Ma Y.
TitleStructural and functional analyses of catalytic domain of GH10 xylanase from Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum JW/SL-YS485.
SourceProteins 81:1256-1265(2013).
PubMed ID23508990
DOI10.1002/prot.24286

E1Titlehttps://www.uniprot.org/docs/glycosid

E2Sourcehttp://www.cazy.org/GH10.html



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