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PROSITE documentation PDOC00175
2Fe-2S ferredoxin-type iron-sulfur binding domain signature and profile


Description

Ferredoxins are small, acidic, electron transfer proteins that are ubiquitous in biological redox systems. They have either 4Fe-4S, 3Fe-4S, or 2Fe-2S cluster. Among them, ferredoxin with one 2Fe-2S cluster per molecule are present in plants, animals, and bacteria, and form a distinct 2Fe-Ferredoxin family [1,2]. They are proteins of around one hundred amino acids with four conserved cysteine residues to which the 2Fe-2S cluster is ligated. This conserved region is also found as a domain in various metabolic enzymes.

Several structures of the 2Fe-2S ferredoxin domain have been determined (see for example <PDB:4FXC>) [3]. The domain is classified as a β-grasp which is characterized as having a β-sheet comprised of four β-strands and one α-helix flanking the sheet [4]. The two Fe atoms are coordinated tetrahedrally by the two inorganic S atoms and four cysteinyl S atoms.

Some proteins that contains a 2Fe-2S ferredoxin-type domain are listed below:

  • Ferredoxin from photosynthetic organisms; namely plants and algae where it is located in the chloroplast or cyanelle; and cyanobacteria.
  • Ferredoxin from archaebacteria of the Halobacterium genus.
  • Ferredoxin IV (gene pftA) and V (gene fdxD) from Rhodobacter capsulatus.
  • Ferredoxin in the toluene degradation operon (gene xylT) and naphthalene degradation operon (gene nahT) of Pseudomonas putida.
  • Hypothetical Escherichia coli protein yfaE.
  • The N-terminal domain of the bifunctional ferredoxin/ferredoxin reductase electron transfer component of the benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase complex (gene benC) from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, the toluene 4-monooxygenase complex (gene tmoF), the toluate 1,2-dioxygenase system (gene xylZ), and the xylene monooxygenase system (gene xylA) from Pseudomonas.
  • The N-terminal domain of phenol hydroxylase protein p5 (gene dmpP) from Pseudomonas Putida.
  • The N-terminal domain of methane monooxygenase component C (gene mmoC) from Methylococcus capsulatus .
  • The C-terminal domain of the vanillate degradation pathway protein vanB in a Pseudomonas species.
  • The N-terminal domain of bacterial fumarate reductase iron-sulfur protein (gene frdB).
  • The N-terminal domain of CDP-6-deoxy-3,4-glucoseen reductase (gene ascD) from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis.
  • The central domain of eukaryotic succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) iron- sulfur protein.
  • The N-terminal domain of eukaryotic xanthine dehydrogenase.
  • The N-terminal domain of eukaryotic aldehyde oxidase.

Three of the four conserved cysteines are clustered together in the same region of the protein. Our signature pattern spans that iron-sulfur binding region. We also developed a profile that covers the whole domain.

Note:

Ferredoxins from the adrenodoxin subfamily are slightly divergent and are not picked up by our pattern (but they are recognized by the profile). We have thus developed a second pattern specific for this subfamily (see <PDOC00642>).

Last update:

March 2005 / Text revised; profile added.

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Technical section

PROSITE methods (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:

2FE2S_FER_2, PS51085; 2Fe-2S ferredoxin-type iron-sulfur binding domain profile  (MATRIX)

2FE2S_FER_1, PS00197; 2Fe-2S ferredoxin-type iron-sulfur binding region signature  (PATTERN)


References

1AuthorsMeyer J.
SourceTrends Ecol. Evol. 3:222-226(1988).

2AuthorsHarayama S. Polissi A. Rekik M.
TitleDivergent evolution of chloroplast-type ferredoxins.
SourceFEBS Lett. 285:85-88(1991).
PubMed ID2065785

3AuthorsFukuyama K. Ueki N. Nakamura H. Tsukihara T. Matsubara H.
TitleTertiary structure of [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin from Spirulina platensis refined at 2.5 A resolution: structural comparisons of plant-type ferredoxins and an electrostatic potential analysis.
SourceJ. Biochem. 117:1017-1023(1995).
PubMed ID8586613

4AuthorsOverington J.P.
SourceCurr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 2:394-401(1992).



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